Download Respiratory system *Function of the respiratory system: The nose has:

Dr. Hassanen al-Sharoot
Anatomy
Second Stage
Respiratory system
Respiratory System: consist of conducting portion, respiratory portion and pumping
mechanism.
1-Conducting portion: through which the air passes to reach the respiratory portion. It
composed of the nose, nasal cavity, part of the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea and within
the lung the bronchi and bronchioles as far as the respiratory bronchioles. The oral cavity
serves as a pathway for the passing to and from the pharynx and then to the lung.
2-Respiratory portion: comprises the respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts, the
alveolar sacs and the pulmonary alveoli.
3-The pumping apparatus are:
1- The two pleural sacs which envelop the lung and from the vacuum chamber around them.
2-The skeleton of thorax
3-The diaphragm.
*Function of the respiratory system:
1-Exchange of oxygen.
2-Voice producing (a role in which the larynx plays an important part).
3-It is also associated with the olfactory system (part nasal mucous membrane contains the
sensory olfactory cells and is known as the olfactory region).
The Nose: is the projecting from face such as seen in man not seen in the domestic animals.
In domestic animals, the nose embodied in the skeleton of the face and forms the large dorsal
and lateral areas (dorsum nasi) rostral to the eyes.
The nose has:
1-The apex of the nose: the apical segment of the nose and the nasal cartilage present here
differ in the domestic animals
2-The Nostrils: in the apex and lead to the nasal cavity to which are connected directly or
indirectly with several paranasal sinus
3-The Nasal Septum: form a portion between the nostrils and divided the nasal cavity into
right and left halves.
Dr. Hassanen al-Sharoot
Anatomy
Second Stage
Nasal cartilages: types of the nasal cartilages are
1-Ventral and dorsal lateral nasal cartilages.
2- Lateral accessory nasal cartilage
3-Medial accessory nasal cartilage
Nasal conchae:
Are thin osseous scrolls that are covered on each side with m.m. are originated with a basal
lamella from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. This lamella projects medially like a shelf
and is continued by one , two , or more spirals lamellae which roll up on themselves and
form the scroll .
Types of nasal conchea
The large dorsal, middle and ventral nasal conchae: are project from the lateral wall of the
nasal cavity are located in the middle portion of it, while the smaller and more numerous
ethmoidal conchae are in the caudal portion of it. The caudal parts of the dorsal and middle
nasal conchae are part from ethmoid conchae.
The dorsal and ventral nasal conchae are divided the nasal cavity into three meatuses.
1-The dorsal nasal meatus: is narrow passage between the roof of the nasal cavity and
dorsal conchae and leads into the caudal part of the nose.
2- The middle nasal meatus: is between the dorsal and ventral conchae and leads to caudal
part of nasal cavity.
3-The ventral nasal meatus: - is the largest lies between the ventral concha and the floor
of the nasal cavity and leads into the nasopharynx.
4-The common nasal meatus: the narrow space between the nasal septum and the conchae
extends from the roof of the nasal cavity to the floor and is continuous laterally with the
other meatus.
Dr. Hassanen al-Sharoot
Anatomy
Second Stage
H
G
F
E
D
C
B
A
A-Ventral meatus, B-Ventral concha, C-Middle meatus , D- Dorsal concha ,
E- Common meatus, F-Dorsal meatus, G- Middle concha , H- Ethmoid
conchae