Download Reflexive pronouns

Pronouns & Antecedents
Subject & Object
Possessive
Reflexive
Interrogative
Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of one or more nouns.
pro- means for (standing FOR a
noun)
Personal Pronouns
 Pronouns that are used to refer to people or
things are called personal pronouns.
 Examples: he, she, it
Subject Pronouns
- used as the subject of a sentence.
- WHO or WHAT the sentence is
about.
She is my sister.
It is my hat.
Does he have a dog.
You and I go to the movie.
Object Pronouns
-
a personal pronoun in the objective case
used as the direct or indirect object of a
verb
will never be the subject of the sentence
Give the pencil to me.
The teacher gave her a referral.
I will tell you a secret.
Hannah read it to them.
List of Personal Pronouns
Singular
Subject
Pronouns
Object
Pronouns
Plural
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
LISTEN!
Listen to this song and then lets try it
together!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SWnc1
HSCvRY
Activity 1
Identify the pronouns in the following sentences.
Jamie and Clara loved the guinea pig
their mother bought them. It was
white, and it was adorable.
Using Pronouns Correctly
How do you know when to use me or I, we or us?
1. Use a subject pronoun as a subject.
2. Use an object pronoun as object of the verb.
Examples (Circle the correct pronoun listed):
SUBJECTShe owns a collection of books.
INDIRECT OBJECTHe told her an amusing story.
DIRECT OBJECTThe fable entertained us.
Using Pronouns Correctly
When in a pair (ex: Susan and I), always take the
pronoun OUT of the pair to see which
pronoun is the correct one to use.
EXAMPLES:
Richard and (I or me) recited the story.
Jennifer helped Richard and (I or me).
* Read the sentence without the words that the
pronoun is paired with to see what works.
Using Pronouns Correctly
When using a pronoun in a pair:
- *ALWAYS put the pronoun second.
Seth and I read some comic books.
(NOT: I and Seth read some comic
books.)
Science interests Mike and me.
(NOT: Science interests me and Mike.)
Using Pronouns Correctly
In formal writing and speech:
use a subject pronoun after a linking verb.
RIGHT  The winner is she.
NOT  She is the winner.
ACTIVITY 2
Replace one of the nouns in the following sentences with
a pronoun.
1. Tanner and Tanner’s friend Todd won the boat race.
2. Why did Oscar give Oscar’s camera to the school?
3. Darius scored a goal; the first of Darius’ season.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
AntecedentThe noun or group of words that a pronoun
refers to
Example:
Tyler read “The Hungry Caterpillar.” He found it
exciting.
ANTECEDENT of he  ___________________
ANTECEDENT of it  __________________
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
RULES:
1.
2.
Pronoun must agree with
antecedent in number
(singular or plural) and
gender.
The gender of a noun may be
masculine (male), feminine
(female), or neuter (referring
to things).
ACTIVITY 3
Possessive pronouns show ownership.
Possessive Pronouns
A pronoun that shows who or
what has something.
NOTE: A possessive pronoun
may take the place of a
possessive noun.
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns have two forms.
- One form is used before a noun.
- The other form is used alone.
Used
Before
Nouns
Used
Alone
Singular
Plural
my
your
his, her, its
mine
yours
his, hers, its
our
your
their
ours
yours
theirs
Possessive Pronouns
Examples:
Matt’s shoe is too small.
Replace noun with possessive pronoun.
_____________ shoe is too small.
Mike’s homework is perfect.
Possessive noun- ________________________
Replace with pronoun- ______________________
__________________ homework is perfect.
Possessive Pronouns
- do NOT contain an apostrophe
- Possessive its never splits.
*It’s is a contraction standing for “it is”
*Its  no apostrophe is POSSESSIVE
Example:
I love my book. (Its) characters are funny.
*“Its” is a possessive pronoun standing for what
noun?
Activity 4
Replace the Possessive WS
“I saw myself reflected in her eyes.”
No, the above sentence isn’t a sappy love song lyric. It’s
an example of a particular kind of pronoun called a
reflexive pronoun.
What Are Reflexive Pronouns?
Reflexive pronouns are pronouns that refer
back to the subject of the sentence or clause.
They either end in –self, as in the singular
form, or –selves as in the plural form.
Singular Reflexive Pronouns
Myself
Yourself
Himself, herself, itself
Plural Reflexive Pronouns
Ourselves
Yourselves
Themselves
All of the mentioned reflexive pronouns are
used to rename the subjects of action verbs
and function as different types of objects.
If the reflexive pronoun is taken out of the
sentence, it won’t make sense. Let’s look at a
few examples.
Examples
The following sentences are examples of the correct and
incorrect use of reflexive pronouns.
Non-reflexive: Adam e-mailed him a copy of the report.
In this sense the italicized words are not the same
person. Him is not a reflection of Adam therefore it is not a
reflexive pronoun.
Reflexive: Adam e-mailed himself a copy of the report.
Here are the italicized words are the same
person. Himself reflects back to the subject of the sentence
which is Adam.
Non-reflexive: Allison accidentally
cut her with the scissors.
Reflexive: Allison accidentally cut herself.
Non-reflexive: Brandon blames you.
Reflexive: Brandon blames himself.
Non-reflexive: Can you feed
my guests?
Reflexive: Can you feed yourselves?
Non-reflexive: They cannot help the
angry mob.
Reflexive: They cannot
help themselves.
Non-reflexive: Carol poured her a
glass of milk.
Reflexive: Carol poured herself a
glass of milk.
Non-reflexive: The young girl was
singing happily to them.
Reflexive: The young girl was
singing happily to herself.
Reflexive Pronoun
Examples:
 I gave myself 12 weeks to get in shape.
 You should buy yourself a new computer.
 Diane bought herself a new pair of shoes.
 Jeff read quietly to himself.
 The kitten groomed itself.
 We treated ourselves to a night on the town.
 The students are able to monitor
themselves.
Reflexive Pronouns and
Intensive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns can also function as
intensive pronouns but they act a little
differently and they aren’t used in quite the
same way. An intensive pronoun emphasizes
its antecedent, or the subject of the sentence.
These pronouns are positioned right next to
the subject.
Intensive Pronoun
Examples:
 I myself am tired of all this rain.
 You yourself are to blame for this confusion.
 The president himself wrote me a letter.
 We ourselves cooked the cake.
 The dog itself opened her refrigerator.
 The boys themselves led the entire team to
victory.
Reflexive Pronoun Recap
To recap, reflexive pronouns refer back to, or
reflect, the subject and they always end in –
self or –selves.
There are only eight reflexive pronouns so
remembering them and how to use them
should be a snap!
Anticipatory Set
Whiteboard Activity:
Name that type of pronoun!
Most of the time, students know which pronoun to
use in which situation. Some types of sentences can
get a little tricky, however. Usually these are when
pronouns are used after a linking verb, and when
pronouns are used in compound subjects.
Linking Verbs Connecting Subjects
Linking verbs connect the subject of the sentence with the
predicate. Sometimes it becomes confusing which pronoun to
use after the linking verb.
What is the correct pronoun to use in this sentence:
"The winners were (they,
them).
* Write the correct pronoun on your whiteboard.
Correct Answer
"The winners were (they, them).
CORRECT ANSWER: (they)
The winners were they.
* Explain why they is the correct pronoun.
The winners were they.
What is the linking verb?
How can you reverse the
sentence so that it makes
sense to you?
were
They were
the winners.
* Sometimes you have to change the tense of the
verb or change "is" to "are" to make it work.
Compound Subjects or Objects
Knowing which order to write pronouns can also be
tricky. It is usually polite to mention yourself last, so
words like "I" and "me" should be used last.
Many people get confused on whether to use "me" or "I"
in a sentence such as this one:
The teacher congratulated Jerry and (me, I).
*Write the correct pronoun on your
whiteboard.
The teacher congratulated Jerry and me.
In sentences like these, drop one of the subjects and see
what sounds appropriate.
Good: "The teacher congratulated me."
Not Good: "The teacher congratulated I."
PRACTICE
(I, me) want to eat pizza for
breakfast, lunch, and dinner!
PRACTICE
Abhay, Lily, and (I, me) finished
our math homework together
after school.
PRACTICE
This is my favorite Instagram
picture of you and (I, me)!
PRACTICE
(They, them) love to race down
the school hallways to lunch.
PRACTICE
It is (he, him).
PRACTICE
This is (her, she) speaking.
PRACTICE
It is (we, us) who are responsible
to get the project done.
PRACTICE
Miss Lederman and (me, I) play
against one another in Trivia
Crack, but (she, her) always beats
me!
PRACTICE
Did you see the Snapchat of her
cat and (she, her)?
PRACTICE
The soccer players you are
playing with after school are
(they, them).
PRACTICE
It is (her, she) that just received
the new iPhone 6!
PRACTICE
After school on Friday, it is (us,
we) who will be playing
Minecraft for the next 24 hours!
PRACTICE
Will you go to the park with
Juliana and (I, me)?
PRACTICE
The group of students who are
buying lunch on the field trip are
(they, them).
Pronoun Scoot
 Are you ready to scoot?
 You will walk around the room. At each desk, there
is a card.
 On each card is a sentence. You must decide which
pronoun correctly fits the given sentence.
 Record your answer on your recording sheet.
 We will check answers at the end of class!
Who
Whom
Whose
Interrogative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronoun: who
 usually refers only to people.
 changes its form depending on the case, as
shown as follows:
Subjective Case: who
Objective Case: whom
Possessive Case: whose
Who or Whom?
Choose the correct form of who based on the function of the
word in the sentence.
Who = subjective case
Whom = objective case
To (who, whom) does the keychain belong?
To is a preposition; the noun or pronoun that ends a prepositional
phrase is called the object of the preposition. Hence, you must
use the objective case. The objective case is whom.
Answer: To whom does the keychain
belong?
Who or Whom? Helpful Hint
To (who, whom) does the keychain belong?
Restate the question as a statement:
The keychain belongs to him.
Him is an objective pronoun, therefore, use
whom (objective pronoun).
Who or whom?
(Who or Whom) is your best friend?
Answer: Who is your best friend?
Reason: If you restate the question, you would
respond something like,
She is my best friend.
She is a subjective pronoun, therefore, use the subject pronoun
who.
Who or Whom?
You gave (whom, who) my car?
Answer
You gave whom my car?
Whose
- can be used either as a possessive adjective
followed by a noun or as a possessive pronoun
- whose expresses the idea of belonging
Example:
Whose books are these?
is the same question as:
To whom do these books belong?
Whose or Who’s (Who is)?
(Whose or who’s) pencils are scattered all over
the floor?
Correct: Whose pencils
(shows ownership over the pencils)
Incorrect: Who’s pencils
(translates to “Who is pencils…”)
Whose or Who’s
This Vine is (whose, who’s)?
WHITEBOARD
Answer
This Vine is whose?
He = who
Him = whom
Who/Whom borrowed
my computer?
From who/whom did
you get that candy?
Answer: He did.
Answer: I got it from
him.
Therefore:
Who borrowed my
computer?
Therefore:
From whom did you get
that candy?
Practicing Together
Take out your Who, Whom, Whose
Sentences handout
More Practice!
Use your whiteboard to write the correct
pronoun.
To (whom, who) did you give detention?
Seva went to the concert with Monisha,
(who, whom) she met on Team Evolution
this year.
(Whose, who’s) classroom is the most
challenging?
Miss Lederman, (who, whom) loves to
run races, just ran the Mama Mare 5K
this weekend.
(Who, whom) is going to sign up for
Volleyball Madness?
(Whom, who) has Samantha invited to
her birthday party?
(Who, Whom) took my laptop from my
desk?
From (who/whom) did you catch that
cold?
(Whose, who’s) family is going on
vacation over spring break?
Mrs. Czapkowski, (who, whom) I saw at
the sporting goods store, was buying
presents for her daughter.
Miss Lederman walked the student to the
nurse (whose, who’s) nose was bleeding.
(Who, whom) will show me the correct
answer to this question right now?
What and Which
- can be used either as interrogative
pronouns, or as interrogative adjectives
followed by nouns.
- Example:
What is that?
Which girl is his sister?
What time is it?
Pronoun or Adjective?
Which cell phone company has the best plan?
Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
And the answer is…
 Which cell phone company has the best
plan?
 Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
 Which modifies cell phone company.
Interrogative
adjective or pronoun?
 Which is your puppy?
 Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
And the answer is…
 Which is your puppy?
 Interrogative pronoun or interrogative adjective?
Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronoun
A pronoun that does not refer to a particular
person, place, or thing.
Example:
Does anyone know where Mr. Malloy went?
Everyone thought he was hiding in a locker.
NOTE:
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or
plural.
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular
another
anybody
anyone
anything
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
much
neither
nobody
Plural
no one
nothing
one
somebody
someone
something
both
few
many
others
several
SINGULAR or PLURAL (depending on the phrase that follows them)
all
any
some
none
most
Singular Indefinite Pronouns Hint
S A N E
O N O V
M Y
E
E
R
Y
-BODY
Somebody
Anybody
Nobody
Everybody
S A N E
O N O V
M Y
E
E
R
Y
-ONE
Someone
Anyone
No one
Everyone
S A N E
O N O V
M Y
E
E
R
Y
-THING
Something
Anything
Nothing
Everything
One
Neither
Each
Another
Much
Either
Indefinite Pronouns + Verbs
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the subject,
the verb must agree with it in number.
EXAMPLE:
Everyone discusses the new PARCC exam. (singular)
Both talk about how fun it was! (plural)
All of the test was very easy. (singular)
All of the middle school kids were loving no homework!
(plural)
More Examples
One of the books was lost.
Several in the club are good at
speaking in public.
Some of the money was missing.
Some of the windows are dirty.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
 An antecedent is the word to which a pronoun refers.
Betty brought her book to class.
In this sentence, her is the only pronoun.
Its antecedent is Betty to which the pronoun refers.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
(continued)
When we talk about pronoun-antecedent agreement, we
mean that pronouns must agree in number and gender
with their antecedents.
If Betty is the antecedent, we couldn’t say,
“Betty brought his book” or “Betty brought their book.”
The pronouns don’t agree with their antecedents.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
his or her vs. their
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite
pronouns as their antecedents. In such cases, the
pronouns must agree in number.
Each of the teachers has his or her
unique teaching style.
Several have funny conversations with
their students.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
(his or her)
 Somebody
 Everything
These indefinite pronouns
are singular and therefore
take a singular antecedent.
 Anybody
 One
 Nobody
 Neither
 Everybody
 Each
It’s easy to remember
them because most of
them end in either one or
body, and we know that
one and body are singular.
 Someone
 Another
 Anyone
 Much
 No one
 Either
Everybody has his or her
book.
 Anything
 Everyone
 Something
 Nothing
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
(their, our, etc.)
These indefinite pronouns are plural and therefore take plural
antecedents:
 Several
 Few
 Both
 Many
Several students lost their books.
Many of us have taken our tests.
Pronoun – Antecedent Agreement
(their, our, etc. continued)
These indefinite pronouns may be either singular or plural, depending on
how they are used in a sentence:
 All
 Most
 Any
 None
Most of the apples are rotten. (plural)
Most of the milk is gone. (singular)
COMPOUND ANTECEDENT:
Either the girls or Jose brought his car.
Either Jose or the girls brought their car.
Activity 5
Find the indefinite pronouns in the
following sentences.
All of the students in this class are
hard-working. Each one of them
makes me very proud. Some of them
are talkative, but most of them are
very well-behaved which is
something for which all teachers are
grateful.
WHITEBOARD
RESPONSES
Each knows about the plot.
a. Each
b. about
c. the
d. plot
Many of the students do their
homework.
a. Many
b. or
c. do
d. their
__________ of the boys offered
their help to the little old lady
who was crossing the street.
a. Another
b. Each
c. All
d. One
My sister is the _______
wearing the red shirt.
a. one
b. few
c. most
d. several
Remember: Pronoun Agreement
Each of the students has his or her ideas about homework.
Singular
indefinite
pronoun
Singular
possessive
pronouns
No one brought ______ book.
a. his or her
b. their
Each has __ point of view.
a. his or her
b. their
All of the students give
_______ opinions, too.
a. his or her
b. their
Which verb agrees with the
indefinite pronoun “many?”
a. walks
b. are
c. is
d. dances
Which of the following
indefinite pronouns can be
either singular or plural?
a. few
b. none
c. nothing
d. many
Why are indefinite pronouns
called “indefinite?”
a. They do not have one definition.
b. They refer to nouns that are not
defined – not specific.
c. They are impossible to see because
they are invisible.