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Observations and explorations of Venus wikipedia , lookup
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1. The Solar System 2. The Sun is the center of our solar system. First proposed by Copernicus in 1543. People used to think the solar system was Geocentric (Earth Centered) • Early Greeks created this model • Problems with it included retrograde motion of planets (a figure 8 path) • • http://www.lasalle.edu/~smithsc/Astronomy/retr ograd.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72FrZz_zJFU Later observations confirmed the Heliocentric Model (Sun Centered) • Described in 1543 by Copernicus • Confirmed by Galileo using his telescope to observe Venus 3. The Sun contains 99.86% of all the Solar System’s mass. • The force of gravity from the sun holds our solar system together. • Gravity started to form our solar system about 4.6 billion years ago • The larger an object’s mass, the greater its gravitational force. 4. Planets closer to the Sun orbit the Sun FASTER than planets farther from the Sun. • • http://janus.ast ro.umd.edu/ja vadir/orbits/ss v.html http://www.kid sastronomy.co m/solar_syste m.htm 5. Which planet takes longer to orbit the Sun? • • • • • Neptune or Jupiter? Mars or Earth? Venus or Mercury? Uranus or Saturn? Pluto takes 248 years to complete one orbit! Inner Planets • The planets are small in size compared to the outer planets • They are mostly solid and rocky, also made with various metals 6. Why doesn’t Mercury have an atmosphere? • No atmosphere due to – low gravitational pull (it’s the smallest planet) – high daytime temperatures (2nd hottest planet) – solar winds blast away any remaining gasses 7. What causes Venus to be so warm? • Heat is trapped due to the intense greenhouse effect due to the thick atmosphere. • Temperatures average 460 degrees C on Venus • Due to its size, Venus is sometimes called Earth’s twin Greenhouse Effect Image of Maat Mons- the highest volcano on Venus. Taken with radar since the temperature and pressure destroy any probes that land on the surface. 8. What makes Earth different from all other planets? • It has liquid water (not just frozen or gas forms) • Life is found here. 9. Identify all the features found near/on Mars • Red color is from Iron Oxide dust • Polar Ice caps (made from dry ice CO2 and water) • Volcanoes (largest in the solar system – taller than 3 Mt Everest's and wider than Hawaiian island chain) • No Oceans (may have lots of frozen water or even salt water below the surface) http://www.google.com/mars/ • Has evidence of waterways like river beds and channels on the surface • No life • A thin atmosphere of mostly carbon dioxide • Seasons (it has a tilted axis like Earth) • 2 moons • No hot temperatures (range is -125C to 35C) • Former President Bush suggested we should start to land people on mars within 20 years 10. The Outer Planets are larger in size • Made from Gas • They have rings around them • Usually many moons • Hydrogen and helium – If Jupiter were a little larger, it may have turned into a small star 10. Jupiter • Hydrogen and helium – If Jupiter were a little larger, it may have turned into a small star – 5th from the sun – Large storm – 67 moons – Ganymede 11. Why do we study Jupiter’s moons? • Studying these moons add to the knowledge about the origin of Earth and the rest of the solar system 12.Saturn’s rings are made out of particles of … • Ice and rocks • H and HE also • Has moon bigger than Mercury or Pluto • Floats in Bathtub 13. Uranus is tipped on it’s side, how did this probably happen? • A collision with another object probably tipped it over. • Methane 14. When was Neptune discovered and what gases are found in it’s atmosphere? • Discovered in 1846 • Methane gases give Neptune it’s bluegreen color 15. Identify reasons why Pluto is different from the other outer planets • Only has a thin atmosphere, other outer planets have thick atmospheres. • Only outer planet with a solid, icy-rock surface Orbit of Pluto The Inner Planets The Inner Planets • Small in size • Solid/rocky The Outer Planets Outer Planets • Large in size • Made of gas • Have rings • Have many moons Dwarf Planets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related – 5 official; 40 to 400 others – Orbit the sun, but have not “cleared the neighborhood”- no clean path around Sun – Be spherical in shape, but small Dwarf Planets http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqX2YdnwtRc&feature=related – Ceres once was largest asteroid – Eris- orbit outside Pluto in Kupier Belt – Makemake- 2nd largest in Kupier Belt – Haumea- 1/3 the size of Pluto and has 2 moons What can I see in the sky this Autumn? • http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx ?c=a&id=10184 Out of this World Lab • What would be different about life on another planet? Life on a star? • You will be calculating weight, jumping ability, and age if you lived on different planets. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDpwtnGS6uc&feature=BFa&list=PL68BB0B53B47E8190&lf=results_main Jumping http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM140g0zsQc&feature=related Falling Vocabulary • Mass-The amount of matter (stuff) in an object. – Stays the same from planet to planet • Weight-A measurement of the gravitational force acting on an object. – Changes as you move from planet to planet. • Gravitational ForceThe force of attraction between any two objects. – The more massive the object is and the closer it is, the greater its gravitational force. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=An4chlcA Aqs • Planetary Year-the length of time it takes a planet to revolve around the sun. Predictions (Hypothesis) • Weight Possible locations: – Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf • Jumping locations: – Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Sun, White Dwarf • Age Possible locations: – Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto Orbiting the Sun Planet Day Length Year Length Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune 58.65 0.24 243.01* 0.61 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.88 0.41 11.86 0.44 29.46 0.65* 84.07 0.77 164.82 Planet Names • http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7. html