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Mercury - Does not have a atmosphere. - Surface is cratered and very old - Much denser than the Moon - It rotates three times in two of its years - Has a small magnetic field whose strength is about 1% of Earth's. - The flatlands are thought to be similar to marias, on the moon. - Second densest major body in the SS. - Core is composed of iron whose radius is 1900 km. Venus - Brightest planet in the SS except Sun. - Is slightly smaller than Earth. - Has an iron core about 3000 km in radius. - Has no magnetic field. - The oldest terrains are about 800 million years old. - Rotates reverse. - Surface is made up of volcanic rock. - Has Sulfuric Acid Rain. - Has a dense atmosphere, made up of mostly carbon dioxide. - Probably had large amounts of water, but it all boiled away. Earth - Only planet with known life. - The core is mostly iron, or nickel. - 71% of the surface is water. - The Earth has plates. - Earth’s atmosphere uses green house effect. - Atmosphere is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, water, argon, and carbon dioxide. - 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old - Densest major body in SS. Mars - Referred as the red planet. - Thin atmosphere, composed of carbon dioxide, argon, nitrogen, water, and oxygen. - Appears to have dry ice on poles. - May contain life. - Red color is probably due to water reacting with iron in the soil, and making everything go rusty red. - Largest volcano in SS is Olympus Mons. - Olympus Mons is 26,400 meters high - Olympus Mons is 3 times as big as Mt. Everest! - Surface area is about the same as Earth’s land surface area. - Water erosion used to occur. - Has powerful dust storms. - Average pressure on the surface is about 7 millibars Jupiter - Largest planet in the solar system - If all planets were combined in to one big one, then they would still be smaller than half Jupiter’s mass. - Has the great red spot is oval about 12,000 by 25,000 km - Composed of hydrogen helium, methane, water, ammonia and, rock - Atmosphere has bands of color - Has over 60 moons - Has thin rings. - Core is 13 Earth masses. - Would have to be 80 times bigger to become a star. - 64 + moons Saturn - Second biggest planet in SS. - Has biggest planet rings in SS. - Rings are over 250,000 km in diameter. - Least dense of the planets. - Less dense than water. - Can float in water. - Core is 12000 °K. - Visibly flattened at the poles - Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen helium and methane. - Near equator winds can reach 1,100 mph. Uranus - Axis is vertical planet. - Thin rings and they are dark. - Composed of rock and various ices - The atmosphere is composed of hydrogen and helium. - Has bands of clouds that blow around rapidly. - Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane. - Has bands of clouds that blow around is rapidly. - Magnetic field is tiled at 60° - Absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere causes the blue color. Neptune - Used to have a great dark spot in its southern hemisphere. - Spot used to be ½ the size of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot. - Now, The great dark spot has disappeared. - Atmosphere changes rapidly. - Composed of various ices, rocks, hydrogen, and helium. - The blue color is the result of the absorption of red light by methane in the atmosphere. - Has rapid winds confined to bands of latitude and large storms or vortices.