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CHAPTER 6 LESSON 4 THE INNER SOLAR SYSTEM - GRAPHIC ORGANIZER You can use a compare-and-contrast table to show how things are alike and how they are different. CHARACTERISIC MERCURY VENUS Rotation Period (Length of Day) Revolution Period (Length of Year) 59 days 88 days 243 days (rotates in the opposite direction of Earth) 225 days 365 ¼ days 687 days Temperature (Average) 354 oF 900 oF 59 oF -81 oF Geographic Features (List three) Cliffs, craters, and lava flows Vast plains, lava flows, thousands of volcanoes, huge mountains, and craters Mountains, canyons, vast plains, volcanoes, oceans, rivers Craters in the southern hemisphere, volcanoes in the northern hemisphere, and vast canons 96% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1% sulfur dioxide and other gases 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gases. Layers are called the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere. Mainly 95% carbon dioxide, 2.7% nitrogen, 1.6% argon A day on Venus is longer than its year; dense atmosphere of carbon dioxide and thick layer of clouds; runaway greenhouse effect; high atmospheric pressure Only a few hundred km larger than Venus; only planet that is known to support life; strong magnetic field; has Van Allen radiation belts; complex atmosphere Has seasons because axis is tilted 25o; mountains can build higher because gravity is less; Olympus Mons rises 17 miles; Mariner Valley may have been formed by water Atmosphere No true atmosphere; hydrogen, helium, argon, oxygen, sodium, and potassium have been detected Other Interesting Information Closest planet to the sun; smallest planet; weak magnetic field; same density as Earth; deep in craters there may be water ice EARTH 24 hours MARS 24.6 hours CHAPTER 6 LESSON 5 THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM - GRAPHIC ORGANIZER You can use a compare-and-contrast table to show how things are alike and how they are different. Characteristic Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Rotation Period (Length of Day) Revolution Period (Length of Year) 9.8 hours 10 hours 39 minutes 17.9 hours 16 hours 12 years 29.5 years 84 years 165 years Temperature (Average) -162 oF -218 oF -323 oF -330 oF Has cloud belts made of hydrogen and helium, and small amounts of methane, ammonia, and water vapor Mostly hydrogen and helium. Has broad cloud belts. 83% hydrogen, 15% helium, and 2% methane. Hydrogen, helium, methane, and water. Planet’s Physical Features - Great Red Spot- a hurricane-like storm that has lasted for at least 300 years. - Where comet ShoemakerLevy hit, left spots on the planet. - Flattened at the poles. - Has 7 major rings. Some are made of thinner rings called ringlets. - Blue-green color of Uranus is due to methane in the upper atmosphere. - Has 11 rings, but are much dimmer than Saturn’s. -Methane gives Neptune its blue color. - Great Dark Spot. - Has at least 5 rings that are not very bright. Other Interesting Information - Largest planet in our solar system. - 1,000 Earth’s could fit inside. - Has more mass than all of the planets combined. - Has about 63 moons. The four largest moons are Ganymede, Callisto, Europa, & Io. - Second largest planet. - Less dense then water. - Winds move at 550 meters per second near the equator. - Has approximately 62 moons. - Third largest planet. - Has about 27 moons. - Looks like it was knocked on its side. Axis of rotation is 98o to its orbit. - Summer at the north pole and winter at the south pole lasts for 21 years. - Fourth largest planet. - Light from Sun is 900 times fainter than Earth. - Has strongest winds of any planet. Has many storms. - At least 13 moons. One moon, Triton, is larger than Pluto and has similarities to Earth. Atmosphere