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Human Systems
Create Flow Chart Graphic Organizer
Levels of Organization
Nerve
Cell
Tissue
organ
System
Heading
Notes
Meanings
Questions
Main ideas
Vocabulary
Copy this diagram
in your
notebooks.
This is called
Cornell Notes
Summary
Cell
•Are all cells the
same?
•Unicellular or
multicellular
• Basic unit of structure and
function
• Carries on life functions
• Organisms are one cell or
many cells---Human has
over a trillion cells
• Smallest unit
of
organization
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things that keeps the organism
Living.
Tissue
Examples:
Connective---blood, bone, fat,
tendons, cartilage
Muscle---allows body to move,
moves blood and food
through body
Nerve- - - brain, spinal cord,
senses—hear, smell, think
Epithelial—skin,
line digestive system
•Group of similar cells doing the same job
•Four types of tissue
a. Connective
1. provides support
2. connects all parts of body to each other
b. Muscle
1. provides movement
2. contract
c. Nerve
1. directs and controls body
2. carries impulses between brain and rest of body
d. Epithelial
1. covers surfaces of body—inside and out
2. Protects
3. Releases chemicals
You write a summary of this slide
Possible Example:
Tissue is the second level of organization. There are four basic types of tissues that do
different jobs, connective, muscle, nerve and epithelial.
Organ
•3rd level of organization
Composed of different tissues
working together to perform a
specific function.
cell
tissue
organ
Example:
Heart—pumps blood, Made up of nerve tissue, muscle
tissue, connective tissue and epithelial tissue
Stomach-churns and mixes food and digestive juices.
Made up of smooth muscle tissue, nerve tissue,
epithelial tissue
Write a summary
Possible summary:
The third level of organization is the organ which is composed of different kinds
of tissues working together to perform a function.
Organ System
Group of different organs
working together to accomplish
a specific task
•Fourth level of organization
Examples:
Circulatory system—heart-artery-vein-capillaries
Digestive system-contains organs like esophagusstomach-small intestine-large intestine
Skeletal System-206 different organs (bones) like
the femur-patella-cranium-ribs-phalanges
Muscular System- over 600 different organs
(muscles) like the triceps-biceps-pectorals
Nervous System-brain-peripheral nerves-spinal
cord
Write your summary
Possible summary:
The fourth level of organization is the organ system. The organ system consists of
different organs working together to perform a task. For example, the digestive
system is made up of organs like the stomach, small intestine, pancreas etc. that
break down food for absorption by the body.
Organ System
Skeletal System
Background
Bones-made from elements phosphorus and
calcium
206 bones in average human. Newborns have
more (some have not fused yet!)
Smallest bones are in the ear—Hammer, anvil,
and stirrup
Largest bone is the femur (thigh bone)
Skeletal System’s Functions
5 major functions
1. Shape and support
unique structure for each organism-skeleton
provides the framework while supporting the
body and the organs within
Skeletal System’s Functions
• Allows movement
Muscles are attached to the skeleton. The
muscles contract, pulling on the bones. The
attachment to the bone allows the movement
or contraction of the muscles. Just like a
rubber band cannot contract unless it is
attached at both ends.
Skeletal System’s Functions
• Protects
• Bones have a compact and a spongy layer.
• Compact and spongy layers give the bones
their strength and allow them to absorb forces
• Bones surround the chest cavity (rib cage),
cranium surrounds the soft tissues of the
brain
Skeletal System’s Functions
• Produces blood cells
• Certain bones, like the femur, have central
layer called red marrow
• Red marrow produces blood cells for the body
Skeletal System’s Functions
• Stores materials until body needs them
• Certain bones have central layer called yellow
marrow
• Yellow marrow stores fats for energy reserves
• Bones will also release phosphorus and
calcium in small amounts when the body
needs those minerals
Layers of Bone
• Four layers:
1. Periosteum—
outermost layer, blood
vessels enter the bone
through this layer
Layers of Bone
1. Compact layer— 2nd
layer dense material,
has canals in it that
carry blood vessels
and nerve cells
Layers of Bone
1. Spongy layer-3rd layer,
at ends of bones, has
spaces within it.
Makes the bones
lighter while
maintaining the
strength
Layers of Bone
1. Marrow—innermost
layer, red or yellow,
soft material,
connective tissue
Name the bones
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•
•
•
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•
•
•
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1. cranium 2. mandible
3. clavicle 4. sternum
5. humerus 6. ribs
7. vertebra 8. pelvis
9. radius 10. ulna
11. carpals
12. metacarpals
13.(20) phalanges
14. femur 15. patella
16. tibia 17. fibula
18. tarsals 19. metatarsals
Skeleton
Across
2.upper arm 5.Backbone 7.Palm 9.Ribs 11. Collarbone
13. Skull 16. hips 17. shoulder blade
Down
1. breastbone 3. Arch
4. Thigh
6. Ankle 8.
Lower leg large bone
9. lower arm near thumb 10. Lower arm near little
finger 12. Kneecap 13. Wrist
14. lower leg thin bone 15. toes