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Download AG-WL-03.453-3.4_ Habitat Requirements
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Habitat Requirements Taxonomy The orderly classification of plants and animals according to their presumed natural relationships Involves four interrelated fields: Botany Taxonomic system Nomenclature Documentation Botany The systematic pursuit of specific facts and knowledge about plants The Taxonomic System Based on the facts that are found, and using that knowledge to set up classifications and arrantements of plant groups (taxa) and concepts of the evolutionary sequence of characteristics; also provides descriptions of taxa Nomenclature A uniform method of naming plants based on international rules that botanists have agreed on in order to promote a reasonably stable system; provides for one name only for each kind of plant Documentation Includes the illustration, photography, and preservation of actual plant specimens in museums or herbariums Plants The basis of the food chain for all living things Animals depend on plants for survival How are wildlife plants used as food by wildlife? Plants are eaten by various animals and insects Plants are at the bottom of the food chain and provide the greatest amount of food material Parts generally eaten by species are stems, leaves, fruit, seed, buds, flowers, and roots Animals exhibit their food preferences in the following order: Preferred food: highly nutritious Staple food: maintain body weight Emergency food: will not maintain vitality Stuffer food: provide bulk, have almost no nutrient value How are wildlife plants used for cover by wildlife? Cover is the protective part of an animal’s environment Plants provide cover and allow certain animals to blend into the scenery so that they are camouflaged Assist in travel, breeding, nesting, sleeping, feeding, and hiding Cover requirements are often quite different for varying species Benefits of Plants Help stabilize or prevent soil erosion Provide organic matter to soil layer Clean the environment by removing harmful pollutants from the air and water Plants have values as medicines, food, aesthetics, and drinks-economical value Various Types of Plant Species Native species: part of the natural environment Introduced species: non-native plant species that may be beneficial or harmful Invader species: opportunistic plants that often appear when animals exceed carrying capacity Cultivated species: monoculture crops, oftenused for food plots, like corn, millet, oat or wheat Classified Plants Criteria for Classification: Plants can be grouped according to many different criteria, either formally or informally There are common ways plants are grouped The last three categories provide the basis for the formal classification by botanists Common Ways Plants are Grouped Climatic: temperate zone plants such as stone fruits vs. tropical zone plants such as the Ficus houseplants Season: winter annual weeds vs. summer annual weeds Temperature: warm season crops such as zinnias and petunias vs. cool season crops such as primroses and snapdragons Common Ways Plants are Grouped Life cycle: annuals such as sweet alyssums and pansies vs. perennials such as gazanias or roses Growth Habit: plants that grow tall such as trees and shrubs vs. plants that remain low to the ground such as ground covers and turf grasses Use Plants used for street trees such as flowering plum and London plane vs. plants used for hedges such as privets and boxwoods Basis for Formal Classification Morphology: plants with a particular form, structure, or development such as four-petal poppies vs. five-petal roses Physiology: plants with particular functions and activities such as evergreen fir trees vs. deciduous larch trees Evolution: plants with advanced characteristics such as flowering plants vs. those with more primitive systems such as ferns, which reproduce by spores