Download A Chronology of Early Christian/Jewish Relations

A Chronology of Early Christian/Jewish Relations
313 AD:
135 AD:
•Serious Roman persecution of Jews
and Jewish customs began.
•Circumcision, reading the Torah, eating unleavened bread at Passover all
forbidden under penalty of death.
•Temple to Roman god Jupiter erected on
the Temple Mount.
•Temple to Venus built on Golgotha.
Early Roman Period: 63 BC – 96 AD
• Christianity was originally a
Jewish sect… Jesus was a Jew; all the disciples were Jews; the first adherents to the teachings
of Jesus were Jews.
• Non-Jewish Christians were told in Romans 11:20 not to be
arrogant over the natural branches, the Jews. Judaism is clearly the root of Christian faith; Gentiles were grafted in.
70 AD:
• 60,000 Jews killed.
• 100,000 Jews taken into captivity and scattered throughout the
Roman Empire.
• Judaism no longer recognized
as a legal religion.
•Constantine became a •Emperor Theodosius
the Great permitted the Christian.
destruction of synagogues if •Edict of Milan stripped it served a religious purpose.
many rights from Jews,
•Christianity became the including the ability to
state religion of the
live in Jerusalem.
Roman Empire.
337 AD:
380 AD:
•Constantine created a law making marriage of •The Bishop of Milan was responsible for the burning of a Jewish man to a
a synagogue, saying it was Christian punishable
“an act pleasing to God.”
by death.
Late Roman Period: 96 AD – 313 AD
200 AD:
•Roman Emperor Severus forbade religious conversions
to Judaism.
306 AD:
•Synod of Elvira banned
marriages, sexual intercourse,
and community contact
between Christians and Jews.
528 AD:
•Emperor Justinian (527-564) passed the Justinian Code. It prohibited Jews from building synagogues, reading the Bible in Hebrew, assembling in public, celebrating Passover before Easter, and testifying against Christians in court.
538 AD:
415 AD:
•Converting to Judaism •St. Augustine wrote, “The true image of the Hebrew became a criminal
is Judas Iscariot, who offense.
sells the Lord for silver. The Jew can never understand
367 – 376 AD:
the Scriptures and for
•St. Hilary of Poitiers
ever will bear the guilt for referred to Jews as a
the death of Jesus.”
perverse people who
God has cursed forever.
489-519 AD:
•St. Ephroem refers to
•Christian mobs destroyed
synagogues as brothels.
the synagogues in
Antioch, Daphne and Ravenna.
722 AD:
•Leo III outlawed Judaism. Jews were baptized
against their will.
855 AD:
•Jews were exiled from Italy.
•The 3rd and 4th Councils of Orleans
prohibited Jews from appearing in
public during the Easter season. Marriages between Christians and Jews were
prohibited. Christians were prohibited
from converting to Judaism.
Byzantine Period: 313 AD – 636 AD
339 AD:
Circa 32 AD:
379-395 AD:
612 AD:
•Jews were not allowed to own land...
to be farmers... or enter certain trades.
613 AD:
1099 AD:
•The Crusaders
established the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
•The Crusaders forced all of the Jews in Jerusalem into a central synagogue and set it on fire. Those who tried to escape were forced back into the burning building. Arab Period: 636 AD – 1099 AD
1050 AD:
•The Synod of Narbonne prohibited Christians
from living in the homes of Jews.
1078 AD:
•Jews were given the option of either leaving Spain or converting to Christianity.
•Pope Gregory VII decreed that Jews could not hold office or be superiors to Christians.
•Jewish children were forced to receive a Christian education.
•Synod of Gerona forced Jews to pay church taxes.
1096 AD:
•The First Crusade was launched with the primary goal of liberating Jerusalem from the Muslims, Jews were perceived as just as much of an enemy.
As the soldiers passed through Europe on the way to the Holy Land, large numbers of Jews were
challenged: “Christ-killers, embrace the Cross or die!”
•Guibert of Nogent (1053-1124) reported that the Crusaders of Rouen said: “We desire to combat the enemies of God in the East; but we have under our eyes the Jews, a race more inimical to God than all the others...” The Crusaders in Rouen and elsewhere in Lorraine massacred Jews who refused baptism.
•12,000 Jews were killed in the Rhine valley
alone during the first Crusade. This behavior
continued for 8 Crusades until 1272.
1104 AD:
•The Crusaders conquer Akko and expand the port. They hold the city for 83 years.
Crusader Period: 1099 AD – 1291 AD
1191 AD:
•Richard the Lionhearted retakes Akko.
•Akko becomes the base of operations and Capital of the Kingdom of
Jerusalem for 100 years.
1215 AD:
•Fourth Lateran Council
expands anti-Jewish decrees in Europe, forces Jews to wear a Yellow Patch, the
“Badge of Shame”.
1222 AD:
•The Archbishop of
Canterbury forbids Jews from building new
synagogues, owning slaves, or mixing with Christians.
1278 AD:
•Edict of Pope Nicholas III requires compulsory attendance at
conversion sermons.
1290 AD:
•Jews are expelled
from England.
1291 AD:
•Crusaders are
defeated by the Mamluks at the
battle of Akko and the Crusades essentially
came to an end.
This guide is designed to
prepare you to minister to
your group about the injustice
historically inflicted on God’s
chosen people by the Church,
and to begin the healing process
between the natural branches
(Jews) and those who were
grafted in (Gentiles)
(Romans 11:16-36).
Like each of the meaningful sites on a
Bible-based itinerary of the Holy Land,
it is the Scriptures that first bring us to the
ancient, walled, seaside city of Akko.
The ancient port city has been known by
several names through the centuries
including Acre, Akko, and Ptolemais.
Some 4,000 years ago, the land was given
to the tribe of Asher to enter and possess
(Judges 1:31). After the resurrection of
Jesus, Paul the Apostle traveled to this
port city. The Scriptures record in Acts 21:7,
“we sailed from Tyre to the city of Ptolemais.
We greeted the believers there and spent
the day with them.”
However, centuries later, Akko would
become the gateway to the Holy Land for
Crusaders, and ultimately the center of
operations for the Crusades.
In the Western world we are often taught
that the Crusades were a noble enterprise…
the commitment of the Christian Church to
free the Holy Land from the Muslims. Often,
what we do not understand is that the Jewish
people were seen by Crusaders as just as
much of an enemy. Thousands of Jews were
killed at the hands of those waging war in the
name of Christ.
As we stand in this fortress built nearly a
thousand years ago, we can imagine the
sounds of Knights all around us. Here in
these halls the Crusaders cared for their
wounded, they celebrated their victories,
they planned their next attack. These walls
echo the sound of leaders plotting to
kill the people God calls the “apple of
His eye”.
Restoring
the
Covenant
of Blessing
The historical account of pain and
persecution Christians inflicted upon the
Jewish people is unspeakable… and it
didn’t end with the Crusades. In the years
following, Christians would be directly or
indirectly responsible for numerous untold
horrors these chosen people of God would
be forced to endure.
We cannot change the reprehensible
actions of our forefathers, but we can alter
the course of the future. We cannot take back
what was done to so deeply offend the heart
of God. But we can commit, going forward,
to honor God’s Word and to bless the land
and people of Israel.
As we stand in this hall… the very place
where the Crusaders planned their brutal
attacks... we recognize that our forefathers
in the faith did not regard God’s chosen
people with the honor they deserved.
It is altogether fitting and appropriate that
we now seek forgiveness for the intolerance
and injustice of our forefathers, and that as
true Christians we wholly commit to bless
the land and people of Israel.
Amen.
A Christian Leaders
Devotional Guide
By Mark Dreistadt
Akko Points of Interest
•The Enchanted Garden
•The Hospitaller Fortresss
•The Knights Hall
•The Southern Street
•The Turkish Bath (Hamam)
•The Okashi Museum
•Underground Fighters Museum
•The Walls of Akko
•The Market
•The Marina & Fishing Port
•Kan El-Omdan
•The Ramchal Synagogue
•The Or Tora Synagogue
For a more in-depth historical
account of Christian/Jewish
relations go to www.VisitAkko.com
Old Acre Development
011-972-49956706 011-972-49956707
Fax +972-49919418 www.visitakko.com
I will bless those who bless you,
And I will curse him who curses you;
And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”
I will bless those who bless you,
And I will curse him who curses you;
And in you all the families of the
earth shall be blessed.”
Genesis 12:3 (NKJV)
Genesis 12:3 (NKJV)
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