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Higher Listening Homework Chamber Music Name: …………………………………….. Class: ……… Completion date: ………………. Instructions After Reading this information sheet go to bbcbitesize Chamber Music and read through all 4 pages, listening to the audio clips as you go along. You will be assessed on this topic on your next Music Period. Originally, chamber music referred to a type of classical music that was performed in a small space such as a house or a palace room. The number of instruments used were also few without a conductor to guide the musicians. Today, chamber music is performed very similarly in terms of the size of the venue and the number of instruments - one player per part (in orchestral music there are sometimes several players to a part. In 1770, the harpsichord was replaced by the piano and the later became a chamber music instrument. The piano trio (piano, cello and violin) then emerged evident in the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert. In the late 19th century, the piano quartet (piano, cello, violin and viola) emerged with the works of such composers as Antonín Dvorák and Johannes Brahms. In 1842, Robert Schumann wrote a piano quintet (piano plus string quartet). Chamber Orchestra Typically, a chamber orchestra is composed of 40 or fewer musicians. Because of the limited number of instruments, each instrument plays an equally important role. In Orchestral music there are sometimes several players to a part. Some of the more common chamber music combinations are duets (two players), trios (three), quartets (four) and quintets (five). Baroque chamber music The trio sonata was very popular during the Baroque period (roughly 1600–1750). Many Baroque trio sonatas were written for two violins (or recorders, flute or oboe) plus continuo. The continuo part was played by harpsichord (filling in the harmonies) sometimes with the cello playing the bassline - so there were often four players, not three. The harpsichord is a keyboard instrument where the strings are plucked rather than hammered. Classical chamber music During the Classical period (roughly 1750-1810) the harpsichord largely gave way to the piano. Many composers wrote sonatas for a solo instrument plus piano. Violin, cello, and flute sonatas were all popular. Mozart and Haydn both wrote violin sonatas and cello sonatas The string quartet is the most familiar type of composition for a chamber group. It has two violins, a viola and a cello – all the parts are equally important. The two violins have the highest parts, the viola plays in the middle and the cello has the lowest part.