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Introducing
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Ecology
the study of the relationships
between biotic and abiotic factors
in environments
eco- = environment, habitat
-logy= study of
ecoclimate
ecosystem
ecotourism
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
epidemiology
climatology
zoology
Levels of Organization
all
one
all
smallest
large
any
group
interacting
organisms
living
individual
place
region
of
unit
and
populations
that
of
similar
with
living
different
nonliving
of
organs
the
life
living
typical
thing
same
cells
can
in
an
organized
kind
plants
kinds
exist
working
ecosystem
things
living
and
on
of to
in
work
animals
interacting
one
together
tissues
Earth
together
area
that
within
includes
workinga
certain
together
several
area
ecosystems
cell
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Ecosystem
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in
one particular environment
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
the living parts of
an ecosystem
the nonliving parts
of an ecosystem
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Examples of Ecosystems
Mountains
Coral
Arizona
ReefinDesert
inColorado
Belize
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Ecosystems
do not necessarily have clear boundaries
due to biotic and abiotic changes
can change daily as things move from one
ecosystem to another
Biotic
Abiotic
migration, seed
dispersal
flood, erosion,
drought
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Bio
Biotic Factors
include plants, animals, fungi,
microorganisms
Bio = life
biotechnology
biomechanics
biostatistics
biofeedback
biography
biosphere
biology
biotic
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Examples of Biotic
Factors
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Biotic Factors
interact with each
other in complex such as
ways
also interact with
abiotic factors in
the ecosystem
parasitism
mutualism
competition
dependent upon
water, minerals,
temperature, light
**Abiotic factors DETERMINE Biotic factors**
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Biotic Factors
Living organisms are affected by the living
components of its environment.
•
•
•
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Food
Shelter
Mates
Light
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Microbes
• Dinosaur
example
A
Abiotic Factors
include air, water, soil, temperature,
wind, source of energy (usually sun)
a, an
=
not, without
abiotic
amusia
amoral
atoxic
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Examples of Abiotic
Factors
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Abiotic factors are the non-living Components of the
Environment
• Abiotic factors include:
–
–
–
–
–
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Sunlight
Water
Temperature
Wind
Soil
Special events such as:
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Fires
Hurricanes
Floods
Volcanic eruptions
Tsunamis
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Other Abiotic Factors
Here are some abiotic factors that you may not have thought about.
– Calcium: The lack of availability of calcium will restrict the distribution of land snails.
If there is no calcium a shell can’t be secreted.
– Sand: the size of the sand grains in the soil can impact animal that are burrowers.
– Temperature: colder towards the poles or higher elevation. Organisms in temperate
climates must withstand hot and cold temps.
– Nitrogen: Not just nitrogen, but nitrate (NO3). This is the form of nitrogen
used by plants. When nitrate is not readily available in the soil, some
plants supplement it with a meat diet. (insectivorous plants).
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
ATMOSPHERE & CLIMATE
- Huge impact on ecosystems
- Determines types & distribution of organisms
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Difference between weather &
climate?
• Weather is the day-today conditions of an
area
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
• Climate is the prevailing
weather conditions of an
area throughout the year
(temperature,
precipitation, humidity,
etc.)
Wind Patterns  Ocean Currents
• Wind flow = blue & tan arrows
• Ocean currents = pink arrows
• Ocean currents
– Created by the flow of winds.
– Ex: The Gulf Stream is one such current.
– Without the heat in this mass of water,
the climate of northern Europe would be
much cooler.
– This would alter the biological
communities found there.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Rain shadows greatly affect the availability of moisture!
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Land masses affect atmospheric movements
Rain shadow effects are seen when moist oceanic air masses encounter mountains.
The moist air is forced up, cools, and releases its moisture in the form of rain.
On the back side of the mountains, the cooled air descends towards the surface, but
is quite dry.
This may create arid or semi-arid conditions.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX