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Introducing © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecology the study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in environments eco- = environment, habitat -logy= study of ecoclimate ecosystem ecotourism © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX epidemiology climatology zoology Levels of Organization all one all smallest large any group interacting organisms living individual place region of unit and populations that of similar with living different nonliving of organs the life living typical thing same cells can in an organized kind plants kinds exist working ecosystem things living and on of to in work animals interacting one together tissues Earth together area that within includes workinga certain together several area ecosystems cell © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecosystem includes all abiotic and biotic factors in one particular environment Biotic Factors Abiotic Factors the living parts of an ecosystem the nonliving parts of an ecosystem © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Ecosystems Mountains Coral Arizona ReefinDesert inColorado Belize © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Ecosystems do not necessarily have clear boundaries due to biotic and abiotic changes can change daily as things move from one ecosystem to another Biotic Abiotic migration, seed dispersal flood, erosion, drought © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Bio Biotic Factors include plants, animals, fungi, microorganisms Bio = life biotechnology biomechanics biostatistics biofeedback biography biosphere biology biotic © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Biotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Biotic Factors interact with each other in complex such as ways also interact with abiotic factors in the ecosystem parasitism mutualism competition dependent upon water, minerals, temperature, light **Abiotic factors DETERMINE Biotic factors** © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Biotic Factors Living organisms are affected by the living components of its environment. • • • • Food Shelter Mates Light © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Microbes • Dinosaur example A Abiotic Factors include air, water, soil, temperature, wind, source of energy (usually sun) a, an = not, without abiotic amusia amoral atoxic © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Examples of Abiotic Factors © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Abiotic factors are the non-living Components of the Environment • Abiotic factors include: – – – – – – Sunlight Water Temperature Wind Soil Special events such as: • • • • • Fires Hurricanes Floods Volcanic eruptions Tsunamis © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Other Abiotic Factors Here are some abiotic factors that you may not have thought about. – Calcium: The lack of availability of calcium will restrict the distribution of land snails. If there is no calcium a shell can’t be secreted. – Sand: the size of the sand grains in the soil can impact animal that are burrowers. – Temperature: colder towards the poles or higher elevation. Organisms in temperate climates must withstand hot and cold temps. – Nitrogen: Not just nitrogen, but nitrate (NO3). This is the form of nitrogen used by plants. When nitrate is not readily available in the soil, some plants supplement it with a meat diet. (insectivorous plants). © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX ATMOSPHERE & CLIMATE - Huge impact on ecosystems - Determines types & distribution of organisms © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Difference between weather & climate? • Weather is the day-today conditions of an area © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX • Climate is the prevailing weather conditions of an area throughout the year (temperature, precipitation, humidity, etc.) Wind Patterns Ocean Currents • Wind flow = blue & tan arrows • Ocean currents = pink arrows • Ocean currents – Created by the flow of winds. – Ex: The Gulf Stream is one such current. – Without the heat in this mass of water, the climate of northern Europe would be much cooler. – This would alter the biological communities found there. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX Rain shadows greatly affect the availability of moisture! • • • • • Land masses affect atmospheric movements Rain shadow effects are seen when moist oceanic air masses encounter mountains. The moist air is forced up, cools, and releases its moisture in the form of rain. On the back side of the mountains, the cooled air descends towards the surface, but is quite dry. This may create arid or semi-arid conditions. © 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX