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Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The U.S. national debt is about $6 trillion. Expressed in powers of ten, this is
1) _______
A) $6 × 109.
B) $6 × 1012.
C) $6 × 106.
D) $6 × 1015.
E) $6 × 1010.
2) Roughly how many different chemical compounds are there?
A) 100
B) many more than 500
C) 20
D) 4
E) 500
2) _______
3) One piece of evidence that Democritus found for his idea that everything is made of atoms was
A) the smell of bread and of other substances.
B) the twinkling of stars, due to our atmosphere.
C) the random, chaotic motions often found in liquids.
D) Brownian motion.
E) the fact that chemicals combine in definite proportions.
3) _______
4) One kilometer is closest to
A) 0.001 meters.
B) 500 feet.
C) 2 miles.
D) 0.5 miles.
E) 100 meters.
4) _______
5) Why is it so difficult to remove the lid from a vacuum-sealed jar?
A) The air pressure outside the jar pushes downward on the lid more strongly than the air
pressure inside pushes upward on the lid.
B) The vacuum inside the jar pushes outward on the lid, holding it firmly to the jar.
C) The vacuum inside the jar pulls inward on the lid, holding it firmly to the jar.
D) The air pressure inside the jar pushes upward on the lid more strongly than the air
pressure outside pushes downward on the lid.
E) The higher pressure inside the jar pulls inward on the lid, holding it firmly to the jar.
5) _______
6) Why can't you directly observe, with the unaided eye, Brownian motion in easily visible objects
such as floating bits of paper?
A) Because atoms are so small that you can't see them with the unaided eye.
B) Because bits of paper are so massive [or heavy] that they do not respond noticeably to
atomic impacts.
C) Because only living organisms such as bacteria exhibit Brownian motion.
D) Because only individual atoms and molecules exhibit Brownian motion.
E) Because paper cannot be electrically charged, so it cannot respond to Brownian forces by
individual atoms.
6) _______
7) Which is heaviest?
A) oxygen atom
7) _______
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B)
C)
D)
E)
water molecule
proton
electron
hydrogen atom
8) Evidence that things are made of atoms comes from
A) Brownian motion.
B) superconductivity.
C) the way that laser beams pass through air.
D) the fact that we can cut solid objects into smaller and smaller pieces.
E) the fact that objects accelerate as they fall.
8) _______
9) The Greek model of the atom should be classified as
A) a useful theory.
B) a useless falsehood.
C) an experimental fact.
D) a tentative hypothesis.
E) an observation.
9) _______
10) What is the similarity between burning and respiration?
A) Both reactions consume glucose.
B) Both reactions consume energy.
C) Both reactions create oxygen.
D) Both reactions involve the combination of carbon with oxygen.
E) Actually there is no similarity between them.
10) ______
11) The reverse of the respiration reaction is the reaction known as
A) photo-synthesis.
B) inhaling.
C) combustion.
D) oxidation.
E) exhaling.
11) ______
12) Evidence that things are made of atoms comes from
A) the observation that we can smell things such as bread from a distance.
B) from the observation that, when chemicals combine to form new chemicals, they do so in
simple ratios by weight.
C) Both of the above answers.
D) Brownian motion.
E) All of the above answers.
12) ______
13) The diameter of an atomic nucleus is about a hundredth of a trillionth of a meter. In powers of
10, this is
A) 10-11 m.
B) 10-10 m.
C) 10-14 m.
D) 10-15 m.
E) 10-17 m.
13) ______
14) According to the planetary model, an atom is
A) made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
B) a single tiny object, not made of parts.
C) made of protons and electrons.
14) ______
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D) made of protons, electrons, and ions.
E) impossible to visualize [or picture].
15) Which is smallest?
A) the solar system
B) the sun
C) the distance to other nearby stars
D) the ripples in the cosmic background radiation
E) the Milky Way galaxy
15) ______
16) A "megawatt" is
A) 1,000,000 watts.
B) 1000 watts.
C) 100 watts.
D) 1,000,000,000 watts.
E) None of the above.
16) ______
17) Comparing the size of a wavelength of light with the size of an atom,
A) they are about the same size.
B) atoms are much larger.
C) some lightwaves are larger than atoms, but others are smaller than atoms.
D) some atoms are are larger than a lightwave, but others are small than a lightwave.
E) atoms are much smaller.
17) ______
18) At the microscopic level, the difference between liquids and solids is that
A) there is much more distance [at least 10 times more] between neighboring atoms in a liquid
than between neighboring atoms in a solid.
B) the liquid's atoms move throughout the liquid, while the solid's atoms remain near their
original locations.
C) in a liquid, the individual atoms are larger.
D) both answers A and B are correct.
E) both answers B and C are correct.
18) ______
19) Roughly how many different elements are there?
A) 4
B) 20
C) many more than 1000
D) 1000
E) 100
19) ______
20) The universe is only seconds old, a million trillion seconds in fact. In powers of 10, this number
is
A) 1017.
20) ______
B) 1021.
C) 1019.
D) 1015.
E) None of the above.
21) The chemical formula that represents the burning of wood or paper is
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21) ______
A) C + H2O ⇒ CH2O.
B) H2 + O ⇒ H2O.
C) C + O ⇒ CO.
D) C + O2 ⇒ CO2.
E) CO2 ⇒ C+O2.
22) Democritus said that, although we imagine many things, "in reality, there are only atoms and
the void." This idea could best be classified as
A) witticism.
B) stoicism.
C) idealism.
D) rationalism.
E) materialism.
22) ______
23) The number of atoms in the sulfuric acid molecule, H2SO4, is
23) ______
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3.
7.
6.
4.
cannot be determined from the given information
24) At the microscopic level, the difference between gases and liquids is that
A) in a gas, the individual atoms are larger.
B) there is much more distance [at least 10 times more] between neighboring atoms in a gas
than between neighboring atoms in a liquid.
C) the gas's atoms move throughout the gas, while the liquid's atoms remain near their
original locations.
D) both answers A and B are correct.
E) both answers B and C are correct.
24) ______
25) The idea that everything is made of small particles is
A) not yet widely accepted.
B) a useful idea that is known for certain to be true.
C) still only a tentative speculation made by many scientists.
D) a useful theory, but not known for certain.
E) false and no longer used by scientists.
25) ______
26) Today, the idea that everything is made of atoms should be classified as
A) a fact.
B) a certainty.
C) Both of the above.
D) a theory.
E) a hypothesis.
26) ______
27) Which scientific theory or theories of the atom agrees with all of the atomic experiments
performed to date?
A) The quantum theory of the atom.
B) The Greek theory of the atom.
27) ______
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C) The planetary theory of the atom.
D) Both the planetary theory and the quantum theory of the atom.
E) None of the above theories agree with all of the atomic experiments performed to date.
28) Suppose that a particular chemical substance A is "pure" [contains no "impurities"], and that it
can be chemically decomposed into two other pure materials B and C. What conclusion can be
draw from this?
A) B and C must be chemical compounds.
B) B and C must be elements.
C) A must be a chemical compound.
D) A must be an element.
E) Nonsense--it is impossible to decompose a pure substance into two other materials.
28) ______
29) According to the philosophy of Democritus,
A) smells and other "sense impressions" are "real"--that is, they really exist.
B) atoms are real.
C) both A and B are true.
D) the things you imagine, in your mind, are real.
E) nothing really exists.
29) ______
30) It is 39 trillion miles to the nearest star beyond the sun. Expressed in powers of ten, this is
A) 3.9 × 109.
B) 3.9 × 1010.
C) 3.9 × 1013.
D) 3.9 × 1012.
30) ______
31) Is there any method by which we can detect individual atoms in the laboratory?
A) No, because atoms are smaller than any physical wavelengths.
B) Yes, by using very high power microscopes based on visible light of very short
wavelength.
C) Yes, by using microscopes based on X-rays rather than on light.
D) Yes, by using microscopes based on the "matter waves" made by material particles such as
electrons.
E) No, because atoms are purely mathematical abstractions and not real physical objects.
31) ______
32) According to the philosophy of Democritus,
A) the color red is not "real" but is instead just humans' "conjecture" or imagination.
B) atoms are not "real" but are instead just humans' "conjecture" or imagination.
C) Both of the above.
D) Neither of the above.
E) the moon is really a giant frog.
32) ______
33) Chemically, clean [nonpolluted] air is
A) an isotope.
B) a compound.
C) a mixture of different compounds.
D) an element.
E) a liquid.
33) ______
34) Chemically, helium is
A) a mixture.
B) a compound.
34) ______
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C) a solid.
D) an isotope.
E) an element.
35) A feature of the quantum model of the atom that is not a feature of the Greek or planetary
models is that
A) the quantum model is only a theory, whereas the other two models are supported by
factual evidence.
B) the quantum model of the atom cannot be visualized.
C) Both of the above.
D) the quantum model can explain electrical effects.
E) All of the above.
35) ______
36) How many atoms are in the alcohol molecule C2H5OH?
36) ______
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3
9
4
11
insufficient information is given
37) At the microscopic level, the difference between gases and solids is that
A) there is much more distance (at least 10 times more) between neighboring atoms in a gas
than between neighboring atoms in a solid.
B) the gas's atoms move throughout the gas, while the solid's atoms remain near their original
locations.
C) in a gas, the individual atoms are larger.
D) both answers A and B are correct.
E) both answers B and C are correct.
37) ______
38) The number of atoms in the glucose molecule, C6H12O6, is
38) ______
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
48.
3.
24.
4.
cannot be determined from the given information.
39) Suppose that a particular chemical substance is "pure" [contains no "impurities"], and that it is
not possible to decompose this substance by chemical means. What can we conclude from this?
A) The substance must be incapable of entering into chemical reactions of any kind.
B) The substance must be one of the ideal, or perfect, gases.
C) The substance must be a chemical compound.
D) The substance must be an element.
E) None of the above.
39) ______
40) According to the atomic materialist philosophy, certain things are regarded as "real" and other
things as merely "imaginary." Which of the following is [or are] regarded by this philosophy as
real?
A) atoms
B) human emotions
40) ______
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C) directly observable phenomena such as color and warmth
D) Both answers A and B are correct.
E) None of the above are regarded as real by the atomic materialist philosophy.
41) The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction is
A) the photolysis reaction.
B) the combustion reaction.
C) the reduction reaction.
D) the respiration reaction.
E) nonsense--the photosynthesis reaction is not reversible.
41) ______
42) Chemically, clean [non-polluted] air is
A) a mixture.
B) an element.
42) ______
C) a compound.
D) an isotope.
43) Suppose that Democritus were alive today, and that he saw a bright red fire truck. He would say
that
A) the color of the fire truck, and the atoms of which it is made, are equally real.
B) the color of the fire truck is more real than the atoms of which the truck is made.
C) the color of the fire truck is less real than the atoms of which it is made.
D) neither the color, nor the truck, nor the atoms are real.
43) ______
44) Which is lightest in weight?
A) proton
B) electron
C) oxygen atom
D) water molecule
E) hydrogen atom
44) ______
45) The distance to the sun is about 150 million km. Expressed in powers of ten, this is
A) 1.5 × 10-6 km.
45) ______
B) 1.5 × 108 km.
C) 1.5 × 10-8 km.
D) 1.5 × 106 km.
E) None of the above.
46) Air is composed mainly of
A) O2.
46) ______
B) N2 and O3.
C) CO2 and O2.
D) CO2 and O3.
E) N2 and O2.
47) A block of granite is actually mostly empty space because the atoms making up the granite are
A) not as close together as they could be.
B) made of cotton candy.
C) held together by electrical forces.
D) in perpetual motion.
E) themselves mostly empty space.
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47) ______
48) In words, 3.5 x 1011 is
(HINT: Write this number out before trying to answer the question.)
A) 35 million.
B) 350 million.
C) 350 billion.
D) 35 billion.
E) 3.5 trillion.
48) ______
49) An odor, such as the odor of bread, is due to
A) molecules that detach from the source and diffuse through the air.
B) a pressure wave, similar to a sound wave, emitted by the violets.
C) individual atoms that detach from the source and diffuse individually through the air.
D) cosmic vibrations emanating from the Great Pumpkin.
E) an electromagnetic wave emitted by the source [the bread].
49) ______
50) An individual sulfur atom has twice the weight of an individual oxygen atom. What is the
weight ratio of sulfur and oxygen in the formation of sulfur dioxide?
A) 1 part sulfur to 1 part oxygen
B) 2 parts sulfur to 1 part oxygen
C) 1 part sulfur to 2 parts oxygen
D) 1 part sulfur to 4 parts oxygen
E) 4 parts sulfur to 1 part oxygen
50) ______
51) The "father" of atomic materialism was
A) Newton.
B) Kepler.
C) Ptolemy.
D) Democritus.
E) Plato.
51) ______
52) The number of atoms in the sulfuric acid molecule, H2SO4, is
52) ______
A) 6.
B) 7.
C) 3.
D) 4.
53) Historically, the earliest atomic model to explain electrical phenomena was
A) the Greek model.
B) the quantum model.
C) the Hollywood model.
D) Galileo's model.
E) the planetary model.
53) ______
54) Where does the chemical reaction known as "respiration" occur?
A) in the air while it is being held in your lungs
B) in the lining of your lungs
C) in living plants
D) in your nose
E) at many points all over your body
54) ______
55) The length of your arm is closest to
55) ______
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A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
one meter.
two meters.
100 meters.
10 centimeters.
one kilometer.
56) In the photosynthesis reaction
A) carbon combines with the ATP molecule.
B) oxygen combines with the carbon in glucose.
C) CO2 combines with glucose.
56) ______
D) oxygen combines with the ATP molecule.
E) CO2 combines with H2O.
57) In the respiration reaction
A) oxygen combines with such biological molecules as DNA.
B) carbon combines with such biological molecules as DNA.
C) oxygen combines with the carbon in such biological molecules as glucose.
D) CO2 combines with the carbon in such biological molecules as glucose.
57) ______
E) CO2 combines with H2O.
58) Which one of the following reactions is the most similar chemically to combustion?
A) vaporization in the atmosphere
B) respiration in animals
C) fission in nuclear reactors
D) fusion in stars
E) photosynthesis in plants
58) ______
59) An individual oxygen atom has 16 times the weight of an individual hydrogen atom. What is the
weight ratio of oxygen to hydrogen in water?
A) 8 parts oxygen to 1 part hydrogen
B) 1 part oxygen to 2 parts hydrogen
C) 16 parts oxygen to 1 part hydrogen
D) 1 part oxygen to 8 parts hydrogen
E) 1 part oxygen to 16 parts hydrogen
59) ______
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