Download BIOLOGY 103 General Biology I

BIOLOGY 1010
Foundations of Biology
Donna Daugherty
[email protected]
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• WWW sites
– Biology Homepage
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Biology - Past, Present, Future
Introduction
A. Science of Biology
1. Biology is the study of life
2. Life
a. method of capturing energy and
materials
b. growth and development
c. capacity of reproduction
d. adjustment to changing conditions
B. Shared Characteristics of Life
1. DNA is the hereditary material
2. Life is organized into levels (fig 1.4)
elements - compounds - cells - tissues organs - organ systems - organisms populations - communities - ecosystemsbiomes - biosphere
3. Life involves metabolism
metabolism is the ability to extract
energy and nutrients from the
environment
4. All organisms are
interconnected
a. plants - producers
photosynthesis
b. animals - consumers
aerobic respiration
c. fungi - decomposers
5. Response to change in
the environment
6. Reproduction
7. Patterns of Inheritance
B. Diversity of Life
1. Life has been classified by similarities in
shared characteristics
a. taxonomy - classification
2. Organisms are identified by genus and
species.
ex: Homo sapiens
Drosophila melanogaster
3. Groupings:
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order Family - Genus - species
ex: Animalia - Chordata - Mammalia Carnivora - Felidae - Panthera -pardus
common name: leopard ex
4. Kingdoms of Life
a. Monera - bacteria
b. Archae - sulfur bacteria
c. Protista - one celled organisms
d. Fungi - molds and mushrooms
e. Plantae - multicellular plants
f. Animalia - multicellular animals
C. Biology & Evolution
1. Evolution is the central theme of biology
2. mutation as the mechanism of variation
a. genetic differences in the DNA
sequence
b. may be beneficial, harmful or neutral
3. Darwin & Natural Selection
a. members of a population vary in form
and behavior.
b. more offspring are produced than the
environment can support.
c. some variation may produce a
selective advantage.
d. individuals who survive may pass
these traits onto the next generation.
4. Macro versus micro evolution
a. macroevolution
b. microevolution
5. Modern evidence of evolution
a. fossil record
b. comparative anatomy
c. geologic time
d. molecular biology
e. developmental biology
f. modern agriculture
C. Scientific Method
1. biology is the study of life
2. Biologists use observations to explain
general principles (inductive reasoning)
a. logic
b. differences to deductive reasoning
3. Observations lead to hypotheses
a. hypothesis definition
4. Hypotheses are tested by experimentation
a. most hypotheses are proved wrong
b. control groups and variables
5. Repeated confirmation of a hypothesis
may lead to the formation of a theory
6. facts?
7. pseudoscience