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World History II Unit 1: 1 – Religion and Empires Term Abraham Definition First Biblical leader of Judaism Asoka Emperor of India who embraced Buddhism and sent missionaries to spread Buddhism to China and other parts of Asia Buddhism Religion and philosophical teachings of Siddhartha Gautama that started in India Caste System Strict Hindu class system based on karma Christianity Monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus as the Son of God which is found in the New Testament Eightfold Path to Enlightenment Based on the teachings of the Buddha, completing these steps will result in nirvana. Five Pillars of Islam Basic beliefs of Islam including a declaration of faith in God and Muhammad as the prophet; pray towards Mecca five times a day; charity or alms to the poor; fasting during Ramadan; and a pilgrimage to Mecca Buddhist philosophy to help end suffering and desire and to follow the Eightfold Path Four Noble Truths Hinduism Religion founded by Aryan settlers in India which has many forms of one God Islam Monotheistic religion founded by the teachings of Muhammad, the prophet Jesus His life and teachings are the basis of Christianity Judaism First monotheistic religion based on the beliefs of Abraham and Moses Karma Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences Mecca Birthplace of Muhammad; sacred city Medina Second holiest city where Islam gains popularity Monotheism Belief in one God Muhammad, the prophet Founder of Islam World History II Unit 1: 1 – Religion and Empires New Testament Life and teachings of Jesus Nirvana To become one with the universal spirit and end the cycle of reincarnation Qur’an (Koran) Sacred text of Islam Reincarnation Rebirth based on karma Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Founder of Buddhism Ten Commandments Moral and religious codes of conduct Torah Written records and beliefs of the Jews Vedas Collection of four sacred books used in Hinduism