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43.386, History of College Prof. Carlsmith Glossary of Terms for History of Universities and Colleges (rev. 9/21/2010) N.B. This list is intended to be a work-in-progress. Students are encouraged to bring terms to class so that they can be defined, discussed, and (if appropriate) added to our list. Part of this list is adapted from Hunt Janin, The University in Medieval Life (London: McFarland and Co., 2008), pp. 197-98. Baccalarius artium - Bachelor’s degree (BA) Beadle - a minor official who keeps order inside the university; an usher or doorkeeper Benefice- a church position or salary for a cleric Bursar - official in charge of funds at a college or university; the treasurer Chantry - an endowment to cover expenses for masses or prayers College - institution of higher learning that grants the B.A.(e.g. Dartmouth College); a school or division within a university (e.g., College of Engineering); a self-governing society of scholars (e.g., College of Physicians); independent endowed residences that offer tutoring and fellowship to university students (e.g., Collegio Borromeo) Disputations- Oral debates held weekly, following Aristotle’s rules of logic Eleemosynary - relating to charity or alms-giving Extraordinary lectures- Lectures given in the afternoon on less essential topics Goliardic- referring to student entertainment or activities, often w/ alcohol Gloss - additional commentary upon a text, often in the margin or even between the lines of the original text Humanism- a philosophy beginning in the Renaissance that championed belief in people’s rationalism and dignity; that advocated Greco-Roman ideals, Ciceronian Latin, and a return to the sources (ad fontes) for both secular and Biblical scholarship; that called for active involvement in public life rather than the contemplative, monastic ideal of the Middle Ages. In utroque iure - “in both kinds of law” (civil and canon) Legists - students or professors studying law (ius) Licentia docendi - “license to teach” anywhere in Christendom (= M.A.) Magister artium - Master of Arts (M.A.) Natio - a group of students from a defined region (e.g., Scotland, Lombardy) who spoke the same language and who had often had special privileges Ordinary lectures - Lectures delivered by a university professor in the morning Peregrinatio academica- “academic pilgrimage” when students traveled long distances to their universities Prelate - a high-ranking member of the clergy (e.g., bishop, abbot) Puncta - “points”, usually topics or passages from a text upon which a student would be examined or a professor might lecture Quadrivium - the four advanced liberal arts: music, astronomy, geometry, arithmetic Scholasticism - A system of thought, often based on Aristotelian logic, used extensively in medieval university education. Studia humanitates - the humanities, or humane studies; Studium Generale (or studium) - a medieval university Trivium - the first three subject of the liberal arts: grammar, rhetoric, dialectic Vespers - ecclesiastical services held in late afternoon or early evening