Download EXAM 2: Protists, Fungi, Seedless Plants, Seed Plants, and Plant

EXAM 2: Protists, Fungi, Seedless Plants, Seed Plants, and Plant Responses
Kingdom Protista
-Protists are Eukaryotes. How do they differ from Prokaryotes?
-Endosymbiosis- What is it and which organelles are involved? How does this relate to protists?
-What evidence has been provided to support the theory of endosymbiosis?
-What are the four characteristics of protists?
-Which are the 6 supergroups of protists? Provide an example of each.
-What are cysts?
-Which are the methods of locomotion in protists? Describe each.
-How do protists obtain their nutrients?
-Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
- Know some diseases (and the vectors) caused by protists such as: trichomoniasis, giardiasis, malaria,
African sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, toxoplasmosis.
Kingdom Fungi
-How are fungi more related to animals than plants?
- What is the difference between mycelia and hyphae?
-What is the difference between a monokaryotic and a dikaryotic fungus? Heterokaryotic and
homokaryotic?
-Compare and contrast mitosis in fungi and animals
-How is sexual reproduction different from asexual reproduction?
-What are spores and what is their importance?
-How do fungi obtain their nutrients? How is this similar/different from protists?
-What reproductive form is produced through meiosis and what is its ploidy level?
-What is karyogamy?
What is the gametangia for and when does it appear?
-Describe the ecological interactions between fungi and other organisms.
-What are lichens? What are they made out of ? What is their function?
-What is the difference between mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae?
Seedless Plants
-What are some problems that land plants had to adapt to? What are the adaptations that they
developed?
-What are the first group of land plants to evolve?
-Compare and contrast tracheid vs non tracheid plants
-What is the function of the xylem and phloem?
-What is the phylum of mosses? Phylum of ferns?
Seed Plants
-What are some advantages provided by a seed?
-Name the parts of a seed
-What are the two types of gametophytes and where do they develop?
-What are the five extant phyla of seed plants?
-What are gymnosperms?
-Describe the gametophytes of pine trees and where do they develop
-What is the difference between nucellus, micropyle, megaspore, and megasporangium?
-What is archegonia and antheridia?
-Be able to explain the pine reproduction cycle
-What are angiosperms?
-Know the parts of the flower (what composes the first, second, and thirl whorls?
-Gynoecium vs. androecium
-Describe double fertilization, pollination and the flower cycle
-What is the importance of a seed coat?
Plant responses to stimuli
-What is a tropism? What are the three types of tropisms?
-be able to predict what happens to a plant in different situations when auxin is/is not present
-Be able to explain what cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, ethylene do to a plant
-What is a circadian rhythm?
-What is photoperiodism? Describe what happens to long day plants and short day plants in different
scenarios such as short days, long days, flash of red light or far red light.
What are phytochromes?