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6th grade November 2015 Challenge: “In 2003, U.S. astronomer Mike Brown discovered a new object beyond Pluto. Brown thought he had discovered a new planet because the object, which he named Eris (EER-is), is larger than Pluto. The discovery of Eris caused other astronomers to talk about what makes a planet a "planet." The International Astronomical Union is the group of astronomers responsible for naming objects in space. The IAU decided that Pluto and objects like it were not really planets at all because of their size and location in the solar system. The IAU decided that Pluto and objects like it should now be called dwarf planets. Astronomers continue to study the solar system. They use high-power, ground-based telescopes to discover new objects in space. Ideas about the universe and Earth's place in it keep changing as scientists get new information. This can cause scientists to rethink what they know and how they classify objects. Scientists are still considering what makes an object a planet as they learn more about the most distant objects in the solar system.” Should Pluto be reclassified as a planet or an astronomical oddball? Make a decision, explain your reasoning and provide at least 2 supporting mathematical and/or scientific evidences. The best explanation will be submitted to the International Astronomical Union for consideration. In Science Class • Infer: How are planets classified? • What are the characteristics of each planet? – – – – – – – Distance from sun Period Rotation Period of revolution Diameter Temperature Gravity Composition Analyzing Data and Planet Classification • Group planets by their characteristics. • Determine which planets share similar characteristics. • Create a classification system for the planets and justify your grouping system. • How could you extend your classification system to other members of our solar system such as moons, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids? Set • Set: How far away are the planets from the sun? What is the size of planets in our solar system? • View http://youtu.be/HEheh1BH34Q Standards 6.RP.A.3 Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations. 6.RP.A.3a Make tables of equivalent ratios relating quantities with wholenumber measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plot the pairs of values on the coordinate plane. Use tables to compare ratios. 6.NS.B.3 Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using the standard algorithm for each operation. • SPI 0607.6.1 Use data to draw conclusions about the major components of the universe. • SPI 0607.6.2 Explain how the relative distance of objects from the earth affects how they appear. Sun vs. Earth Size Comparing the Sizes of the Sun, Earth, Moon and Jupiter The sun’s diameter is 1,392,000 km. If the sun’s diameter of 1,392,000 km is represented by a 55 cm or 22 inches poster board, determine the diameter of the following bodies by finding the equivalent ratio: • Moon is 3,475 km= _______________ • Earth is 12,756 km= ______________ • Jupiter is 142,984 km= ________________ Create a Model of the Sun, Earth, Moon and Jupiter • Use one full boaster board as your sun’s diameter. • Draw a line and label inside of this poster board each of the diameters calculated for the Earth, Moon and Jupiter. • Explain: – How many times bigger is the sun in comparison to: Earth? Moon? Jupiter? Comparing Earth size to other Universe Components Earth as a Frame of Reference Earth Size as a Frame of Reference Complete the following table by finding the missing data: Rank the universal components from smallest to largest using their equivalent ratio to Earth. -Which components are smaller than Earth? -Which components are larger than Earth? Meter Stick Distance Scale Inches vs. Centimeters Review 1 meter = ? Calculate the Distance from the Sun in Astronomical Units Steps for Meter Stick Scale: 1. Use the meter stick scale from 0 to 100 centimeters to place the 8 planets and Pluto. 2. Place the sun at the 0 centimeters or beginning mark of the meter stick. 3. Pluto is 39.75 AU from the sun. If we round this distance to the nearest whole number, Pluto is 40 AU from the sun. Place Pluto at the 100 centimeters mark or end of the meter stick. 4. Create a distance scale for the reminder planets and place them on the appropriate place. Place the 8 Solar Systems Planets using their equivalent ratio to their distance from the Sun in Astronomical Units (AU) SUN PLUTO 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 How mathematical principles and equivalent ratios help us understand the size of the planets, their location in the Solar System and their distance from the sun? Explain using 1-2 examples.