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Ms. Budzinski Science 10S Mitosis Notes Lesson 1: Reproduction Names: ________________________ The Cell Theory The cell theory states that… 1. All living things are composed of ____________. 2. The cell is the _________________________________________. 3. All cells come from _______________________ cells. DNA All living things have a set of ____________________ that control what they look like, do, think, act, etc… Every cell in your body has a _____________________________ of these instructions These instructions are arranged in very ______________ and organized packages and must always be kept ____________________. If any part of the instructions are misplaced, damaged or mixed up, bad things can happen. These very important instructions is called DNA. • DNA stands for _____________________________________. • • The DNA is located in the ________________ of the cell. The DNA is arranged in very long strands and coiled into __________________________. Human ______ is arranged into ______ chromosomes pairs; or ______ single stranded chromosomes. • • In order for your body to ________ or heal cuts and scrapes, the cells have to ______________. • When cells divide, the DNA in the nucleus ________________. • For 22 pairs of your chromosomes, this replication is called ___________________ • The _______ chromosome pair is a special set of chromosomes that we will discuss later. Ms. Budzinski Science 10S Functions of Cell Division 1. Healing and Tissue Repair – You replace __________________ old cells each second. 2. _________________ – An increase in the number of cells. 3. Reproduction of Organisms – All organisms ________________ and spread. Any new cell come from existing cells by a process of reproduction. A cell’s life is a sequence of steps called the _______________________________. Cell cycle has two parts: 1. ________________________ 2. _______________________________ The Stages of Mitosis Interphase • Rapid growth / repair – cell ________________ for division. • Chromosomes (blueprints) must be _______________. (replication of DNA) _____________________________. • Cell division phase - two parts to cell division. 1. Mitosis - division of _____________________ and nucleus. • Both cells have __________________ set of blueprints/ DNA. Mitosis is how we reproduce ________________________ (body cells / somatic cells). Ms. Budzinski Science 10S 2. ______________________ - divide cytoplasm and organelles. End Result: Two _________________ cells that will re-enter ______________ begin the process again. Interphase Copying of organelles and __________________________________: • Leaving two __________________________ of DNA. (Deoxyribonucleic acid) • Chromosomes look like __________________________. Prophase __________________________________________ becoming ____________________. • Nuclear membrane disappears. • _______________________ move to opposite ends of the cell. Sister Chromatids Centriole s Centriole s Metaphase Spindle fibres Spindle fibers grow from ___________________ • ________________ to sister chromatids • _______________ chromatids along the __________ of the cell. Sister Chromatids Ms. Budzinski Science 10S Anaphase ___________________________ shorten and pull. • _____________________ sister chromatids. • __________________ chromatids at opposite ends of cell. Telophase New nuclear membranes forms. • _______________________________________________ • Chromosomes uncondense (back to ________________). Cleavage of cell into two Cytokinesis Animal: cell membrane _____________ cell into 2. • Each daughter cell has copy of DNA, nucleus, organelles and cytoplasm. • __________: Two new cells are formed as the ____________________ (plate) grows down the middle of the cell. • Leaving ____ identical daughter cells.