Download Disease name

OIE Reference Laboratory Reports
Activities in 2011
Name of disease (or topic) for
which you are a designated OIE
Reference Laboratory:
Address of laboratory
Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge,
New Haw, Addlestone,
Surrey, KT15 3NB,
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel.:
(+44-1743) 46.76.21
Fax:
(+44-1743) 44.10.60
e-mail address:
website:
Name (including Title and
Position) of Head of Laboratory
(Responsible Official):
Name(including Title and
Position) of OIE Reference
Expert:
Name (including Title and
Position) of writer of this report
(if different from above):
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Antimicrobial resistance
[email protected]
http://www.defra.gov.uk/vla/
Ms Catherine Brown
Chief Executive.
Mr Christopher Teale MRCVS
Head of Antimicrobial Resistance
AHVLA.
As above
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Antimicrobial resistance
Part I: Summary of general activities related to the disease
1.
Test(s) in use/or available for the specified disease/topic at your laboratory
Test
For
Specificity
Total
Disc diffusion
susceptibility test
Antimicrobial susceptibility of
veterinary pathogenic and
commensal bacteria to a panel of
8 antimicrobials for diagnostic
purposes.
Antimicrobial resistance to
8 antimicrobials; resistance to
other antimicrobials may be
inferred where cross-resistance
occurs.
>3,500
Disc diffusion
susceptibility test
Antimicrobial susceptibility of
Salmonella to a panel of 16
antimicrobials for surveillance
purposes.
Antimicrobial resistance to
16 antimicrobials; resistance to
other antimicrobials may be
inferred where cross-resistance
occurs.
>2,200
Determination of minimum
inhibitory concentration.
Antimicrobial susceptibility
determined by broth microdilution
MIC.
Resistance to other
antimicrobials may be inferred
where cross-resistance occurs.
510
Molecular detection of
selected beta-lactamase
resistance genes by PCR.
Characterisation of betalactamase resistance, particularly
of ESBL and AmpC types.
Specific for certain betalactamase resistance genes.
71
Microarray for the detection
of a number of resistance
genes (>50) in bacteria.
Antimicrobial resistance
genotype.
Specific for antimicrobial
resistance genes.
1111
2.
Production and distribution of diagnostic reagents
Microarray technology for identification of resistance genes carried by bacteria. Details are available at
http://www.identibac.com/
>1,000 microarray tests for antimicrobial resistance performed at the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories
Agency.
Part II: Activities specifically related to the mandate
of OIE Reference Laboratories
3.
International harmonisation and standardisation of methods for diagnostic testing or the
production and testing of vaccines
a)
Establishment and maintenance of a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories
designated for the same pathogen or disease and organisation of regular inter-laboratory
proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results
Membership of the OIE Ad hoc Group on Antimicrobial Resistance.
b)
Organisation of inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE
Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of
results
An external quality assurance programme for identifying S. aureus and MRSA was offered in 2011 by
AHVLA to external participants, including international participants.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Antimicrobial resistance
Attendance at quarterly meetings of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Working Party on
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, which sets breakpoints and defines methods for use in the medical field in
the UK and further afield.
Membership of the European Food Safety Authority Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance.
Attendance at the EU Community Reference Laboratory annual meeting on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
and participation in the EU CRL EQAS programme.
4.
Preparation and supply of international reference standards for diagnostic tests or vaccines
No standards produced. Microarray technology has been developed for identification of resistance genes carried
by bacteria. Details are available at http://www.identibac.com/
5.
Research and development of new procedures for diagnosis and control
Further research into development of micro-arrays and other methods for rapid detection of antimicrobial
resistance and virulence genes. Micro-arrays are now in routine use (and have been made commercially available)
to examine bacterial isolates of particular interest, for example, those carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.
Further information regarding the microarrays is available at http://www.identibac.com/ The AMR Array Tube
version 4 has been validated to the equivalent of OIE stage 2.
6.
Collection, analysis and dissemination of epizootiological data relevant to international disease
control
Production of reports covering antimicrobial resistance in bacteria in livestock in England and Wales.
Contribution of data on antimicrobial resistance in bacteria recovered from livestock in England and Wales to the
EU “Trends and Sources” report.
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) contractor for production of the Community Summary Reports on
Antimicrobial Resistance, 2009 and 2010.
International spread of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 resistant to ciprofloxacin described in the scientific literature
[Le Hello S, Hendriksen RS, Doublet B, Fisher I, Nielsen EM, Whichard JM, Bouchrif B, Fashae K, Granier SA,
Jourdan-Da Silva N, Cloeckaert A, Threlfall EJ, Angulo FJ, Aarestrup FM, Wain J, Weill FX, 2011. International
Spread of an Epidemic Population of Salmonella enterica Serotype Kentucky ST198 Resistant to Ciprofloxacin.
The Journal of infectious diseases, DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir409 and Wasyl, D., A. Hoszowski, 2011. First isolation
of ESBL-producing Salmonella and emergence of multiresistant Salmonella Kentucky in turkey in Poland. Food
Research International. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.07.024].
Detection of a novel variant mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus. García-Álvarez L, Holden MT, Lindsay H,
Webb CR, Brown DF, Curran MD, Walpole E, Brooks K, Pickard DJ, Teale C, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, Edwards
GF, Girvan EK, Kearns AM, Pichon B, Hill RL, Larsen AR, Skov RL, Peacock SJ, Maskell DJ, Holmes MA.
2011. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with a novel mecA homologue in human and bovine populations
in the UK and Denmark: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 11: 595-603.
7.
Maintenance of a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant to the
pathogen and the disease concerned
The policy of the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) is to maintain a high standard of
quality in all aspects of its operation. The laboratory facilities are UKAS accredited to BS EN ISO 17025:2000
(Nos. 1769) for an extensive range of tests supported by proficiency testing accredited to ISO/IEC Guide 43-1
1997 (Lab No. 0004). AHVLA is certificated to BS EN ISO 9001:2000 for ‘the provision of a range of specialist
veterinary scientific services to the Government and other interested parties worldwide (Certificate Nos. LRQ
4000436, 4001071, 0962413 and 4001392).
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
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Antimicrobial resistance
8.
Provision of consultant expertise to OIE or to OIE Member Countries
Member of and rapporteur for the OIE Ad hoc Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. The Group formally convened
twice in 2011 at the OIE headquarters in Paris to review chapters of the Terrestrial Code relating to antimicrobial
resistance.
Preparation of a paper entitled « Prudent Use Guidelines – A Review of Existing Veterinary Guidelines » for the
OIE Scientific and Technical Review.
9.
Provision of scientific and technical training to personnel from other OIE Member Countries
No training provided in 2011.
10. Provision of diagnostic testing facilities to other OIE Member Countries
No diagnostic testing requested by other OIE Member Countries in 2011.
11.
Organisation of international scientific meetings on behalf of OIE or other international bodies
No meetings organised in 2011 [Conference organised in 2010].
12. Participation in international scientific collaborative studies
Collaborative study with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the European Centre for Disease
Prevention and Control (ECDC) to produce the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in
2010. The production of the report was ongoing through 2011 and the final report for 2010 is likely to be
published in 2012. The 2009 report is available at http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/2154.htm
[doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2154].
13. Publication and dissemination of information relevant to the work of OIE (including list of
scientific publications, internet publishing activities, presentations at international conferences)

Presentations at international conferences and meetings
British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Spring Meeting, Resistance in farm animals – implications
for animal and public health. Mr J. Jones MRCVS. Available at http://www.online-webpresentations.com/BSAC_SpringMeeting2011/
CTX-M sequence types, plasmid replicon types, antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes in
Escherichia coli isolates from cattle, chickens and turkeys in Great Britain. Randall, L.P., Toszeghy, M.J.,
Phillips, N., Wearing, H., Horton, R., Wu, G., Davies, R.H., Teale, C.J.,Coldham, N.G. Poster at ECCMID
2011. Abstract available at http://www.eccmidabstracts.com/abstract.asp?id=91859

Scientific publications in peer-reviewed journals
L. P. Randall, C. Clouting, R. A. Horton, N. G. Coldham, G. Wu, F. A. Clifton-Hadley, R. H. Davies and C.
J. Teale. 2011. Prevalence of Escherichia coli carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M and TEM52) from broiler chickens and turkeys in Great Britain between 2006 and 2009 J. Antimicrob. Chemother.
66(1): 86-95.
García-Álvarez L, Holden MT, Lindsay H, Webb CR, Brown DF, Curran MD, Walpole E, Brooks K,
Pickard DJ, Teale C, Parkhill J, Bentley SD, Edwards GF, Girvan EK, Kearns AM, Pichon B, Hill RL,
Larsen AR, Skov RL, Peacock SJ, Maskell DJ, Holmes MA. 2011. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus with a novel mecA homologue in human and bovine populations in the UK and Denmark: a
descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 11: 595-603.
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Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
Antimicrobial resistance
Watson E, Jeckel S, Snow L, Stubbs R, Teale C, Wearing H, Horton R, Toszeghy M, Tearne O, Ellis-Iversen
J, Coldham N. 2012. Epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamase E. coli (CTX-M-15) on a
commercial dairy farm. Veterinary Microbiology, 154, 339-346, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.020.
Kirchner M, Wearing H, Teale C, Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene detected in Escherichia coli
from cattle, Veterinary Microbiology, Volume 148, Issues 2–4, 24 March 2011, Pages 434-435, ISSN 03781135, 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.08.033.

Other communications
None.
_______________
Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2011
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