Download BIO 201 Practical 1 Sp09

BIO 201: Anatomy and Physiology I
LAB SCHEDULE
Fall 2009, Sections 10614, 10616, or 57588
Dr. Angela K. Mick
Date:
Topic
Exercises
Saladin
Chps 3 and 8
Atlas
Aug 25,27
Body Orientation Terms; The Skull
Sep 1,3
Vertebral Column, Sternum, & Ribs
Sep 8,10
Muscles of Neck, Head, & Face; Histology - Epithelial Tissues
Sep 15,17
Review; Histology - Connective Tissues
Mini-Practical I
Sep 22,24
Practical I (100 points)
S 29, O 1
Bones of Shoulder and Upper Limb
Muscles of the Chest, Back, & Shoulder
Oct 6,8
Muscles of the Arm; Histology – Epidermis & Related Tissues
Oct 13,15
Review; Mini-Practical II
Oct 20,22
Practical II (100 points)
Oct 27,29
Bones of Pelvis and Lower Extremity
Muscles of the Abdomen and Lower Extremity
Nov 3,5
Muscles of Lower Extremity; Histology - Muscle
Nov 10,12
Review; Mini-Practical III
Nov 17,19
Practical III (100 points)
Nov 24,26
Begin Brains (Models, Sheep), Spinal Cord Models; Histology-N.S.
Dec 1,3
Sheep Eye, Eye and Ear Models; Review; Mini-Practical IV
Dec 8,10
Practical IV (100 points)
Saladin
Chps. 4,5,10
Atlas
Saladin
Chp. 10
Atlas, Chp.8
Saladin
Chp. 14
***This schedule is tentative and is subject to change at the discretion of your instructor. ***
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 1
BIO 201 Anatomy and Physiology I
Practical Exam I

Please do not touch or point at bones, plastinized parts, or models with pens or
pencils - use only broom straws or wooden cotton swabs.
 Human Plastinates: These are human tissues. Please treat these specimens
with respect and care. You must sign specimens in/out. Only handle them while
wearing non-latex gloves. Keep pens and pencils far away. Be gentle.

Identifying Bones: Bones will either be articulated or disarticulated. You should
be able to identify these bones in either state.
o Bones Boxes: Make sure you have the correct bones in the boxes before
you leave lab.
 Muscles:



Anatomy and Physiology Revealed [APR]– all the muscles can be
visualized in APR, and you will need to identify the muscles on the
models, plastinated specimens, and in APR. The sooner you use APR
while learning this material, the easier the material will become.
You are responsible for recognizing all the bolded functions in the
muscles; these functions are taken from APR and may be slightly different
from what Saladin lists.
APR shows the written function and has animations of those functions for
most of the muscles on the lists.
 Histology
o The slides will be shown in lab and there are also references to APR where
you can also review the histology. It is recommended that you review the
histological specimens not only on APR, but also the web. This can be done
by using keywords and any of the popular web-browsers.
 References:
o Text: Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
5th edition by Saladin
o CD or web site: Anatomy and Physiology Revealed [APR]
o Optional Histology Atlas: A Photographic Atlas of Histology by Michael
Leboffe
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 2
AXIAL SKELETON
CRANIAL BONES (Saladin pgs, 245-258)
 Be able to identify these bones and inherent features in an intact skull or
separately.
Frontal Bone (1)
o coronal suture
o frontal sinus
Parietal Bones (2)
o sagittal suture
o middle meningeal vessel impressions
Temporal Bones (2)
o squamosal suture
o external auditory meatus (external acoustic meatus)
o mandibular fossa
o zygomatic process
o styloid process (note: attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx and hyoid)
o mastoid process (note: contains air sinuses)
o jugular foramen
o carotid canal
o middle meningeal vessel impressions
o petrous part
Occipital Bones (1)
o lambdoidal suture
o sutural bones (Wormian bones)
o foramen magnum
o occipital condyles
o external occipital protuberance
Sphenoid Bone (1)
o greater wings
o lesser wings
o optic foramen
o sella turcica
o pterygoid processes
Ethmoid Bone (1)
o crista galli
o cribriform plate
o perpendicular plate
o middle nasal conchae
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 3
FACIAL BONES (Saladin, pg 245-256)
Mandible (1)
o body
o mental foramen
o alveolus (alveoli)
o ramus
o mandibular foramen
o coronoid process
o mandibular notch
o mandibular condyle
Maxillae (2)
o infraorbital foramen
o maxillary sinus
o palatine process (note: anterior part of hard palate)
o alveolus (alveoli)
Palatine Bones (2) (note: posterior part of hard palate)
Zygomatic Bones (2)
Nasal Bones (2)
Lacrimal Bones (2)
Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)
Hyoid (1)
THORACIC CAGE (Saladin, pg 265-266)
Sternum (1)
o manubrium
o body (gladiolus)
o xiphoid process
Ribs (12 pairs) differentiate between:
o true ribs (1-7)
o false ribs (8-12)
 floating ribs (11-12) (note: these are false ribs not connected to sternum)
o on each rib:
 head
 neck
 tubercle
 shaft
Costal Cartilages
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 4
VERTEBRAL COLUMN (Saladin, pg 259-267)
Parts of Vertebrae [Identify on Lumbar, Thoracic, and Cervical (except axis and atlas) vertebrae]
o body (centrum)
o vertebral arch
o lamina
o pedicle
o vertebral foramen
o spinous process
o transverse process
o superior articular process and facet
o inferior articular process and facet
o intervertebral foramen (note: formed by the intervertebral notches of two adjoining
vertebrae)
o intervertebral discs
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
o atlas
o axis
 dens or odontoid process
o vertebra prominens (note: seventh cervical vertebra has the largest spinous process)
o transverse foramen (note: pair in each cervical vertebra that conducts vertebral
arteries)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
o costal facets
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Sacrum (note: 5 fused sacral vertebrae)
sacral foramina
sacral canal
sacral hiatus (note: inferior opening to the sacral canal)
auricular surface (note: site of sacroiliac joint with pelvic girdle)
Coccyx (note: 4-5 fused coccygeal vertebrae)
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 5
MUSCLES OF THE FACE AND NECK
Saladin Text (pg) 326-344
Muscles of the Face and
Neck
platysma
sternocleidomastoid
levator scapulae
scalene
trapezius
splenius capitus
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
Actions of Muscle
elevates and creases neck; depression of lower lip and
angle of mouth
rotates and flexes head
elevation of scapula (shrugging shoulders); lateral
flexion of neck
lateral flexion and rotation of neck
elevation, medial rotation, adduction and
depression of scapula
rotation of head; extension of head and neck
depresses hyoid bone
depresses larynx
thyrohyoid
elevates larynx & depresses hyoid bone
omohyoid
depresses hyoid bone
mylohyoid
elevates floor of mouth
digastric
elevates hyoid bone; depresses mandible
masseter
elevates mandible
buccinator
compression of cheek
temporalis
elevation of mandible
orbicularis oris
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
BIO 201 GCC
closes mouth; puckers lips
elevation of eyebrows
closes eyelids
Practical 1
Page 6
MUSCLES OF THE DEEP BACK, POSTERIOR
Saladin Text (pg) 344-346
Muscles of the Back,
Posterior
Spinalis
(of Erector Spinae)
Actions
lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column
Longissimus
(of Erector Spinae)
lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column
Iliocostalis
(of Erector Spinae)
lateral flexion and extension of vertebral column
Histology for Practical 1
References:


Epithelium: Saladin (pg 155-160), Atlas of Histology (Cpt 3), APR (histology)
Connective Tissue: Saladin (pg 161-170), Atlas of Histology (Cpts 4 & 5)
Epithelial Tissues
Simple squamous epithelium
o Simple cuboidal epithelium
o Simple columnar epithelium
o Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
o Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
o Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
o Transitional epithelium
Connective Tissues
o adipose connective tissue
 adipocytes
o dense regular connective tissue (note: also called white fibrous tissue)
 fibroblasts
 collagenous fibers
o dense irregular connective tissue
 fibroblasts
 collagenous fibers
o loose areolar connective tissue
 fibroblasts
 collagen fibers
 elastic fibers
o reticular connective tissue
 fibroblasts
 reticular fibers
BIO 201 GCC
Practical 1
Page 7
DEFINITIONS
DEFINITION
STRUCTURE
ACROMION
ALVEOLUS
AURICULAR
CANAL
CONCHA
CONDYLE
CORACOID
CORONAL
CORONOID
CRIBRIFORM
CRISTA GALLI
FACET
FORAMEN
FOSSA
FRONTAL
HEAD
comes from the Greek "akron", peak + "omos", shoulder = the peak
of the shoulder; platelike extension; (acromial end of clavicle and
acromion of scapula)
Latin referring to little cavity; pit or socket; tooth socket; (alveoli of
the mandibles and alveoli of the maxillae)
Auri – ear, (auricular surface of sacrum and auricular surface of the
innominate bone)
tubular passage or tunnel in a bone; (carotid canal)
Spanish for “shell”; shaped like an elongated sea-shell (inferior
nasal conchae bones, middle and superior nasal conchae of the
ethmoid)
rounded knob that articulates with another bone; (occipital condyle,
mandibular condyle)
resemblance to crow’s beak; (coracoid process of the scapula)
coronal plane – perpendicular to sagittal plane and divides the body
into anterior and posterior portions; (coronal suture)
Corono – crown; (coronoid process of the mandible, coronoid
process of the ulna)
cribri- sieve, strainer; (cribriform plate of the ethmoid)
crista – crest; (crista galli of the ethmoid)
smooth, slightly concave or convex articular surface; (articular
facets of vertebrae)
hole through a bone, usually round; (foramen magnum of the skull)
shallow, broad or elongated basin (mandibular fossa)
from Latin “frons” which means forehead; (frontal bone and frontal
lobe)
LAMINA
prominent expanded end of a bone; (head of rib, head of femur,
head of humerus)
natural fissure or opening in a stucture; inferior opening to sacral
canal (sacral hiatus); opening in diaphragm through which the
esophagus travels (esophageal hiatus)
thin, flat plate; (lamina of vertebrae)
MEATUS
opening into a canal; (acoustic meatus of the ear)
HIATUS
OCCIPITAL
ODONTOID
BIO 201 GCC
Latin “occipit” which means back of the head; (occipital bone and
occipital lobe)
Odonto – tooth; tooth-like projection; (odontoid process of the axis)
Practical 1
Page 8
DEFINITION
STRUCTURE
PARIETAL
PEDICLE
PETROUS
PROCESS
PROTUBERANCE
RAMUS
SAGITTAL
SELLA TURCICA
SINUS
SPINE
STYLOID
SUTURE
TEMPORAL
TRANSVERSE
TUBERCLE
VOMER
XIPHOID
BIO 201 GCC
Latin “parietlis” means of a wall; (parietal bone and parietal lobe)
Latin meaning “small foot”; a stem or stalk of tissue that connects
parts of the body to each other, (vertebral lamina)
related to or resembling a rock (petrous portion of temporal bone)
any bony prominence; (mastoid process of skull)
a bony outgrowth or protruding part; (external occipital
protuberance)
Latin meaning “branch”; perpendicular portion; (ramus of the
mandible)
sagittal plane – passes vertically through the body or organ and
divides it into right and left portions; (sagittal suture)
means a Turkish saddle;
saddle-shaped depression;
(sella turcica of sphenoid)
cavity within a bone; (frontal sinus of the frontal bone)
sharp, slender or narrow process; (spine of the scapula)
stylus – pen used by ancient Greeks and Romans to write on wax
tablets; (styloid process of temporal bone, styloid process of the
ulna, styloid process of radius)
means to join; immovable joint between skull bones; (saggital
suture)
Latin “temporlis” from Latin “tempora”, pl. of tempus, temple. Of or
relating to the temples of the skull; (temporal bone and temporal
lobe)
transverse plane – passes across the body or organ perpendicular
to its long axis; divides the body or organ into superior and inferior
portions; (transverse process in vertebra)
small, rounded process; (greater and lesser tubercles of the
humerus)
means “plowshare” referring to its resemblance to a blade of a
plow; (vomer bone)
derived from the Greek word xiphos for straight sword; (xiphoid
process of the sternum)
Practical 1
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