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Transcript
Name Tyler Parker Chapter 3 Review Physical Science 09 DO chapter 3 vocabulary!!! Read all of Chapter 3!!! Air friction- the opposing force created by objects moving through the air Inertia- the reluctance of a body to change its state of motion. Newton- a unit of force. Rolling friction- friction created when one object rolls over another. Equilibrium- when forces on an object are balanced. Law of conservation of momentum-states that as long as interacting objects are not influenced by outside forces (like friction), their momentum before the interaction will equal their momentum after the interaction. Newton’s first law of motion-states any object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force; an object in motion continues with constant speed and direction in a straight line unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Sliding friction-resistance created when two surfaces rub against one another Force- a push, a pull, or any action that has the ability to change motion. Mass- a measure of the inertia of an object; the amount of matter an object has. Newton’s second law of motion- states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Viscous friction- resistance created by objects moving in water or other fluids. Friction- the force that results from relative motion between objects (like the wheel and axle of a car). Momentum- the mass of an object multiplied by its speed or velocity. Newton’s third law of motion- states that whenever one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. Weight- a force created by gravity. Gravity- the attractive force that exists between any two objects that have mass. net force- the amount of force that overcomes an opposing force to cause motion; the net force can be zero if the opposing forces are equal. Pounds- English system unit of force. Define the term FORCE. A force is a push or a pull that may cause a change in motion. Force can be measured in pounds in the English system Force can be measured in Newton’s in the metric system There are 4.48 Newton’s in every single pound Give 5 examples of forces. Weight is a downward force. Normal force is an upward force. Magnetism State Newton’s First Law. An object as rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion will to continue with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force. Law of inertia Which object has more inertia, a 1-kilogram ball or a 100kilogram ball? 100-kilogram ball State Newton’s Second Law. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force, and indirectly proportional to the mass. Acceleration= force/mass F=m*A What exactly is the definition of one Newton? One newton is 1 kg multiplied by 1m/s/s. A newton is the metric measurement of force and 1 newton of force will cause a lkg object to accelerate at a m/s/s. 1 n = 1 kg x 1 m/s/s N= kg * m/s/s A= Vf-a/ t Vf= a*t What units are used to measure mass? Grams and kilograms are used to measure mass. One can convert from kg to pounds using the ration of: 2.2 pounds = 1 kg On the surface of the Earth, what is the force that gravity exerts on a one kilogram mass? F= m* a= 1kg * 9.81 m/s/s= 9.81 kg* m/s/s = 9.81 N 2.2 pounds What is the difference between the mass of an object and the weight of an object? Weight is described in pounds or newtons and mass is the force acting on the weight On page 55 the universal law of gravitation is described. What are the two main factors in determining the force of gravity between two objects? Mass and gravity K H D BU D C M Name the unit for measuring: FORCE MASS Newton’s kilograms Kg*m/s/s WEIGHT newtons Kg*m/s/s State Newton’s Third Law. States that whenever one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. What two factors does the momentum of an object depend upon? Speed and mass P= momentum M= mass V= velocity P= m + v What is the force acting on a box that has a mass of 10 kilograms and is pushed so that it accelerates at 0.2 m/s/s? An object has a mass of 4.4 kilograms. What is its weight in Newton’s? F=?? M= 4.4 kg a = 9.81 newtons F= m*a 43.16 newtons What is its weight in pounds? 4.4. Kg * 2.2 lbs/Kg = 9.86 1bs 43.16 N / 4.48 n/lb = 9.63 lbs You drop an object out of a window. What is its speed after 1 second? Vf = ???/ Vi = 0 m/s T = 1s A = 9.81 m/s/s A = (Vf-Vi)/t Vf = *T = 9.81 M/S/S * 1 S= PI81 M/S 9.81 m/s What is its speed after 2 seconds? 19.62 m/s What is its speed after 3 seconds? 29.43 m/s What is the momentum of a 0.5-kilogram object traveling at a speed of 4 m/s? P= ??? m= 5kg v= 4 m/s P= m * v = .5Kg * 4 m/s = 2 Kg * m/s What is the weight of a human in Newton’s that has a weight of 100 pounds? 448 newtons 150 pounds? 672 newtons 200 pounds? 896 newtons What is the momentum of a person who is running 10 m/s and has a weight of 175 pounds? P= ?? v= 10m/s = 79.55 Kg P= m * 7 _ 79.55 * 1pm.w = 795 kilogram m/s