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Digestive System ***Also known as the Alimentary Canal A. Function: Consists of organ and enzymes that break down food and nutrients small enough to be absorbed by the circulatory system by way of diffusion B. Types of Digestion: C. 1. Mechanical: Using teeth or muscle contraction to tear food into smaller pieces 2. Chemical: Using enzymes and fluid to digest food Structures: 1. Mouth: Mechanical: teeth and tongue tear and manipulate food Chemical: saliva moistens food (+ H2O); salivary amylase (enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates) 2. Esophagus: Tube that connects the mouth with the stomach Peristalsis: muscular contraction of the esophagus that moves food to the stomach 3. Stomach: J-shaped muscular pouch Mechanical: contracts to churn the food and fluids forming chyme (paste) Chemical: a. mucous is released to protect the stomach b. pepsin: breaks down proteins c. HCl: activates pepsin d. Protease: digests proteins 4. Small Intestine: Long tube that absorbs nutrients Nutrients diffuse from the digestive system to the circulatory system Villi: finger-like projections (folds in the small intestine) surround by blood vessels that allow diffusion of nutrients to the circulatory system 5. Accessory Organs: Pancreas: add enzymes to digest food Liver: produces bile that emulsifies (dissolves) fat Gallbladder: stores bile 6. Large Intestine: Absorbs water by diffusion into the circulatory system Moves waste materials outside the body D. Disorders/Problems: 1. Acid Reflux: Overproduction of stomach acid that moves up into the esophagus causing a buring sensation 2. Ulcer: Open wound in the digestive tract caused by overproduction of acid 3. Cancer: Tumor formed in the digestive tract that may limit the absorption of nutrient or water