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AP World Periodization Periodization Since the history of the world is so large, historians divide world history into specific periods that share a set of common characteristics. These periods begin and end with what historians consider turning points in the world. The dates that historians choose for these turning points are subjective, meaning that the historian has used their personal opinion to select the specific dates. This means that there is debate among historians among what dates to use for periodization. This is why you will see different dates used by different sources and textbooks to characterize a certain period. In AP World History, there are six “periods”. The designations BCE and CE are used for dates. BCE refers to Before Common Era and replaces BC while CE refers to Common Era and replaces AD. Each period is listed below along with its key dates and some big picture developments. Period Dates Big Picture Key Developments Period 1 (Foundations): Technological and Environmental Transformations To 600 BCE • Peopling of the Earth Neolithic Revolution (inventions of agriculture) Early societies/civilizations Period 2 (Classical Era): Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies 600 BCE to 600 CE Classical religions Development of empires Trade networks emerge Period 3 (Postclassical Period): Regional and Transregional Interactions 600 CE to 1450 Trade networks expand Empires continue to grow Economies evolve Period 4 (Early Modern Era): Global Interactions 1450 to 1750 Period 5 (Modern Era): Industrialization and Global Integration 1750 to 1900 Period 6 (Contemporary): Accelerating Global Change and Realignments 1900 to present Global trade networks New forms of social class and labor Empires consolidate and expand Industrialization Imperialism and new nations Nationalism, revolution, and reform Global migrations Science and environmental changes Global conflicts New ways of organizing the economy, society, and culture