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Physical Science Rationale: Science education develops an understanding of the natural and physical worlds in which we live, the relationships among the phenomena of those worlds, the effects of those worlds on human living and explains how human living affects the natural and physical worlds. Science process are used to gather information, create and evaluate hypotheses, pose theories for understanding the world in which we live, and communicate these theories to others. Students should come to understand that science is an intellectual and social endeavor, a means by which we gain an understanding and control over real-world simulations, as well as part of our effort to survive and flourish. Since technology is the application of science to solve everyday challenges, and technology is ever changing and expanding, students nee to recognize that science and technology will play an increasingly important role in all aspects of our society. Description: In Physical Science students will experience both physics and chemistry. Physics is the science that deals with matter and energy and with the interaction between them. Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties and uses, and the changes that different kinds of matter undergo. The purpose of Physical Science is to provide the student with an investigative approach in the development of scientific concepts in the areas of physic and chemistry. Students should develop skills in using the scientific equipment and the investigative approach to solve real-life problems. Objectives for Graduation/Mastery: 1. Identify and apply the uses of Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. – 80% 2. Identify the parts of an atom and us the periodic table to find information about these parts. – 90% 3. Identify the different types of energy. – 70% Unit 1 Unit Title: Measurements and Graphs Essential Question: How do I determine the independent and dependent variable in order to construct a proper graph of the data? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) 7-1.B OBJ 2 A, G 7-1.A, 71.B, 7-1.C A, G Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) The student will be able to express data in many forms. Students will: 1. Standards of Measurement Name the prefixes used in SI and indicate what multiple of ten each one represents Identify SI units and symbols for length, volume, mass, density, time and temperature Convert related SI units - class discussion and daily assignments 2. Communicating with Graphs Identify three types of graphs and explain the ways they are used Distinguish between dependent and independent variables Analyze data using the various types of graphs - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment MASTERY – 90% DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 2 Unit Title: Distance, Velocity, Acceleration Essential Question: What it the difference between distance and displacement? What is the difference between speed and velocity? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) 2-1.A UCP, B 2-1.B UCP, B Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) The student will develop an understanding of the relationships between distance, velocity and acceleration. Students will: 1. Describing Motion Distinguish between distance and displacement Explain the difference between speed and velocity Interpret motion graphs - class discussion and daily assignments 2. Acceleration Identify how acceleration, time, and velocity are related Explain how positive and negative acceleration affect motion Describe how to calculate the acceleration of an object - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment 2-1.C, 22.D, 7-1.B UCP, A, B, F DATES TAUGHT/NOTES 3. Motion and Forces Explain how force and velocity are related Describe what inertia is and how it is related to Newton’s first law of motion Identify the forces and motion that are present during a car crash - class discussion and daily assignments - Lab Activity – Measuring Speed (See Lab Activity Binder) RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science Lab Activity Binder CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 3 Unit Title: Forces Essential Question: When you want something heavy moved, what do you do? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) Students will be introduced to forces such as gravity and friction and how they can affect motion. Students will also be introduced to Newton’s Laws. Newton established his three laws of motion by considering common patterns of change in all motion. Newton’s laws can be used to analyze and predict changes in the motion of objects. Students will: 1. Explain how force, mass and acceleration are related - class discussion and daily assignments 2-1.B OBJ 1 B 2-1.B B 2. Describe the three different types of friction - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.B B 3. Observe the effects of air resistance on falling objects - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.B B 4. Describe gravitational force - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment MASTERY – 80% 2-2.B B 5. Distinguish between mass and weight - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.D B 6. Explain why objects that are thrown or shot will follow a curved path - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.D, 22.E B 7. Compare motion in a straight line with circular motion - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.D B 8. Identify when action and reaction forces occur - class discussion and daily assignments 2-1.C B 9. Calculate momentum - class discussion and daily assignments 2-1.C B 10. Demonstrate how momentum is conserved - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 4 Unit Title: Energy Essential Question: How is the word energy commonly used? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) This unit focuses on different forms of energy and energy conversions. The law of conservation of energy is explained and applied to various systems. Students will: 1. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.B, 12.F OBJ 3 B, D 1-2.A B, D 2. Recognize different ways that energy can be stored - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.F B, D 3. Describe how energy is conserved when changing from one form to another - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.F B, D 4. Apply the law of conservation of energy to familiar situations - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment MASTERY – 70% DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 5 Unit Title: Work and Mechanics Essential Question: What is work? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) In this unit students will learn about simple and compound machines and they change forces to make work easier. Students will: 1. Explain the meaning of work - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, B 1-2.A UCP, B 2. Explain how work and energy are related - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, B 3. Calculate work - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, B 4. Calculate power - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.F UCP, B 5. Explain how machines make work easier - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.F UCP, B 6. Calculate mechanical advantage - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment 2-2.F UCP, B 7. Calculate efficiency - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.F UCP, B 8. Describe the six types of simple machines - class discussion and daily assignments 2-2.F UCP, B 9. Calculate the ideal mechanical advantage for different types of simple machines - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 6 Unit Title: Thermal Energy Essential Question: Have you ever noticed that it takes longer for some things to heat up? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) Assessment Thermal energy is the kinetic and potential energy of the molecules, ions, and atoms that make up matter. We feel thermal energy as heat. Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction, convection, and radiation, and can be converted into mechanical energy to do work. Students will: 1. Explain the difference between heat and temperature - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 1-2.A OBJ 3 UCP, A, B 2. Define thermal energy - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 3. Explain the meaning of specific heat - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 4. Compare and contrast thermal energy transfer by conduction, convection and radiation - class discussion and daily assignments MASTERY – 70% 1-2.A UCP, A, B 5. Compare and contrast conductors and insulators - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 6. Explain how insulation affects the transfer of energy - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 7. Compare and contrast three types of conventional heating systems - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B 8. Distinguish between passive and active solar heating systems - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B 9. Describe how internal combustion engines work - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 10. Explain how a heat mover can transfer thermal energy in a direction opposite to that of its natural movement - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 7 Unit Title: Electricity Essential Question: Have you ever taken clothes out of the dryer and noticed that they are all stuck together? W hat causes this to happen? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) This unit explores the fundamental nature of electrical energy – how it is produced, measured, transmitted, and transformed into other forms of energy. Students will: 1. Describe the properties of static electricity - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A UCP, A, B 1-2.A A, B 2. Distinguish between conductors and insulators - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 3. Recognize the presence of charge in an electroscope - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 4. Describe how electric current is different from static electricity - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment 1-2.A A, B 5. Explain how a dry cell provides a source of voltage difference - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 6. Describe the relationship among voltage difference, resistance and current - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 7. Describe the difference between series and parallel circuits - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 8. Recognize the function of circuit breakers and fuses - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.A A, B 9. Explain and calculate electrical power - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 8 Unit Title: Magnetism and Its Uses Essential Question: What are magnets? What can you do with magnets? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) In this unit students will learn how magnetism and electricity are related. Electrical flow causes magnetic effects and moving magnets are used to produce electrical energy. Students will: 1. Describe the properties of temporary and permanent magnets - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 2. Explain how a magnet exerts a force on an object - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 3. Explain why some materials are magnetic and others are not - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 4. Understand the relationship between electric current and magnetism - class discussion and daily assignments Assessment 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 5. Understand the relationship between electric current and magnetism - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 6. Explain how electromagnets are constructed - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 7. Describe how electromagnets are used - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 8. Describe how an electric motor operates - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 9. Describe how a generator produces an electric current - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 10. Distinguish between alternating current and direct current - class discussion and daily assignments 1-2.C UCP, A, B, E 11. Explain how a transformer can change the voltage of an alternating current - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 9 Unit Title: Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions Essential Question: What is a nucleus and why is it important? GLEs/ Objective 1.1D, 1.1.E National Standards (NSES) UCP, B1, B2, G3 1.1D, UCP, A2, 1.1.E, 1.2.E B1, B2, D2, E2 Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) The Sun gives off tremendous amounts of energy from day to day, year to year. Almost all of the Sun’s energy comes from nuclear reactions in which the nuclei of atoms are fused together. In this unit, students will learn about unstable nuclei and how they emit different types of radiation. Students will also learn how this radiation can be used to determine the age of objects, produce energy, or treat diseases. Students will: 1. Radioactivity Describe the structure of an atom and its nucleus Explain what radioactivity is Contrast properties of radioactive and stable nuclei Discuss the discovery of radioactivity - class discussion and daily assignments 2. Nuclear Decay Compare and contrast alpha, beta and gamma radiation Define the half-life of a radioactive material Assessment Describe the process of radioactive dating - class discussion and daily assignments 1.1D, 1.1.E UCP, B1, B2 3. Detecting Radioactivity Describe how radioactivity can be detected in cloud and bubble chambers Explain how an electroscope can be used to detect radiation Explain how a Geiger counter can measure nuclear radiation - class discussion and daily assignments 1.1D, 1.1.E, 1.2.F UCP, A2, B1, B2, D2, E2, F1, G1, G2 4. Nuclear Reactions Explain nuclear fission and how it can begin a chain reaction Discuss how nuclear fusion occurs in the Sun Describe how radioactive tracers can be used to diagnose medical problems Discuss how nuclear reactions can help treat cancer - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 10 Unit Title: Energy Sources Essential Question: Where does energy come from? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) 1.2.A, 1.2.F UCP, A1, B3, B6, E2, OBJ 3 F3, F5, F6 1.2.A, 1.2.E, 1.2.F UCP, B1, B3, B6, E2, Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) It takes energy to build a car. The welding torches use energy. The robots that operate the torches require energy. The assembly line runs on energy. And the car, when it is finished, will need energy to be driven. Energy heats and cools your home, refrigerates and cooks your food, pumps your water, and turns on your lights. Where does all that energy come from? How does it get to your home? Will we ever run out of energy? Students will learn about different energy sources, how they produce energy and how they affect the environment. Students will: 1. Fossil Fuels Discuss properties and uses of the three main types of fossil fuels Explain how fossil fuels are formed Describe how the chemical energy in fossil fuels is converted into electrical energy - class discussion and daily assignments 2. Nuclear Energy Outline the steps in the operation of a nuclear Assessment MASTERY – 70% F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 1.2.A, 1.2.E UCP, A2, B3, B6, E1, F3, F4, F5, F6 reactor Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using nuclear energy to produce electricity Discuss nuclear fusion as a possible energy source - class discussion and daily assignments 3. Renewable Energy Sources Analyze the need for alternate energy sources Describe alternate methods of generating electricity Compare the advantages and disadvantages of various alternate energy sources - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS Unit 11 Unit Title: Waves Essential Question: What do waves have to do with a concert? GLEs/ Objective National Standards (NSES) 2.1.B UCP, B3, B5, B6 2.1.B UCP, A1, B3, B5, B6 Lesson Activities (Formative Assessment) Waves are all around you, some you see and some you don’t. Student will learn what waves are an show they travel. Students will learn about the different kinds of waves and the properties all waves have in common. Students will also find out how waves interact to transform energy into bright lights and spectacular sound. Students will: 1. The Nature of Waves ▪ Recognize that waves carry energy but not matter ▪ Define mechanical waves ▪ Distinguish between transverse waves and compressional waves - class discussion and daily assignments 2. Wave Properties ▪ Compare and contrast transverse and compressional waves ▪ Describe the relationship between frequency and wavelength ▪ Explain how a wave’s amplitude is related to Assessment the wave’s energy ▪ Calculate wave speed - class discussion and daily assignments 2.1.B UCP, A1, B3, B5, B6 3. ▪ ▪ ▪ The Behavior of Waves Identify the law of reflection Recognize what makes waves bend Explain how waves combine - class discussion and daily assignments DATES TAUGHT/NOTES RESOURCES Text: Glencoe Physical Science CORRECTIVE ACTION SPECIAL NEEDS ACCOMODATIONS