Download Lectures 2 and 3, Exam II Answers

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Lectures 2 and 3, Exam II
Warm Up
Define
1. Essential elements:
2. Macronutrients and micronutrients:
3. What elements are required to make up nucleic acids, proteins, or phospholipids?
4. What elements are required for plant organic compounds?
5. What are the sources for the elements in three and four?
6. What percent of animal species are invertebrates?
7. List the hierarchy o f taxonomic categories from largest to smallest.
8. Questions to ask about every creature! (Fill in only the blanks).
1. Does it have tissue?If so, how many germ layers did it arise from?
What is the difference between triploblastic and diploblastic?
2. What type of symmetry does it have?
What are the two types of symmetry and describe each.
3. Protostome or deuterostome, (mode of development)?
Protostome’s ________ is made first, and the _____________ is made second.
Deuterostome’s ____________ is made first and the ___________ is made
second.
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Worksheet
Lectures 2 and 3, Exam II
1. Fill in this diagram, and tell me what characteristic is associated with each split in the tree.
2. What are the five ways phylogeny is determined?
3. All animals are hypothesized to come from an ancestral ________________.
4. C. Sponges differ from the rest of the of the animals because:
a. They are completely sessile
b. Thy have radial symmetry and are suspension feeders
c. Their simple body structure has no true tissues, and they have no symmetry
d. They are not multicellular
e. They have no flagellated cells
5. Phylum Porifera, the Sponges
-Fill in the blanks and arrange the correct order of events: (One is used twice).
1st a 2nd c 3rd b 4th a5thd
a. Flagellated cells that line the collar are called choanocytes or collar cells and
beat their flagella to create a current.
b. Water is in the inner cavity called the spongocoel.
c. Water is drawn through the pores that span the walls, which are located on the
outside of the sac, adjacent to the epidermal cells.
d. Water leaves through the sponge through the osculum.
-During the water movement throughout the sponge, the movement of the choanocyte’s
flagellum draws water in through its ring of projections. Food particles are trapped in the
mucus coating the projections, engulfed by endocytosis, and either partially digested or
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transferred to amoebocytes that wander the mesohyl. Amoebocytes can also produce
spicules.
6. What are the ways a sponge can reproduce? What are the two phyla?
Asexual- budding
Sexual- hermaphroditic; outline cycle!
Phylum Calcarea- CaCO3 spicules and Silicea- silica spicules
7. Which branch was the first to have true tissues?
Eumatazoa
8. Which group includes the simplest animals? Why are they considered to be so simple, (what all
do they lack)?
Sponges; they lack true tissues, symmetry, neurons, muscles cells, and are sessile as adults.
9. In what group did the first diploblastic species arise? Is it aquatic?
Phylum Cnidaria; yes, all species are.
10. What type of symmetry do the Cnidarians have? What was the first group that have bilateral
symmetry?
Radial; bilateria.
11. Are Cnidarians diploblastic or triploblastic? What are all of the species in this phylum?
Diploblastic; Jellies, hydra, sea anenomes, and coral.