Download Human Body Study Guide - Effingham County Schools

Human Body Study Guide
My Child has completed this Study Guide and is prepared to take the Human Body Test on February 1st
________________________________________ Parent Signature.
Body Organization
1. Cells working together form ____________, ___________ working together form Organs, and
______________ working together form organ systems.
2. 4 types of tissues:
a. _______________Tissue- made up of tightly packed cells that cover and protect underlining
tissues
b. ________________Tissue- joins, supports and nourishes organs. Ex: tendons, ligaments,
blood
c. ________________Tissue - contracts and relaxes for movement
d. ________________Tissue - sends electrical signals throughout the body.
Integumentary System
4 major functions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Major organs include the _____________, ____________, and ________________
Skeletal System
4 major functions:
a.
b.
c.
d.
1. ________________ is soft flexible tissue that most bones start of as, that will later turn to hard bone.
2. Red blood cells are made in ___________ ____________ ____________ and ______________
_______________ _____________ stores fat inside of bones.
3. Name the three types of joints
Muscular System
1. The major function of the muscular system is to
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. There are three types of muscles:
a. ____________________muscle is voluntary and enables bones to move.
b. ____________________ muscle is involuntary and can move food through the digestive tract.
c. ____________________ muscle is only found in the heart.
3. ________________________- attach muscle to bone and helps pull on the skeletal system to provide
movement.
4. Two muscles that contract and relax to provide movement in your arm are the________ and the ________.
Digestive System
1. Major Function: _______________________________________________________________________.
2. The two types of digestion are _________________ and ___________________.
Label the organs of the digestive system.
Major organs and Functions:
Circulatory System
1________________- tube that leads food into the stomach.
2________________- Mixes, squeezes, and adds chemical
enzymes that turns digested food into chyme.
3________________- Major site of chemical digestion and
absorbs nutrients into the blood.
4________________- neutralizes the acids in chyme.
5________________- creates bile that breaks down fats.
6________________- stores bile until needed.
7________________- reabsorbs water out of chyme to make
solid feces.
8________________- stores feces until it can be eleiminated.
Circulatory System
1. Major Function: _______________________________________________________________________.
2. Three major organs are _________________, ________________, and ______________________.
3. Blood vessels include :
__________________- carries blood away from the heart.
__________________- carries blood to the heart.
__________________- thin walled vessel where nutrients, oxygen, and waste products can diffuse in and out
of the blood.
4. The heart is made up of __________________ muscle that never becomes fatigued or tired.
Respiratory System
Major function: ___________________________________________
Name the organs and label them on the diagram to the righ
1. __________________- Intersection where pathway for food and air cross. (Throat)
2. __________________- Voice Box, allows us to make sounds using vocal cords
3. __________________-Windpipe
4. __________________- two tubes leading into each lung.
5. __________________- Smaller tubes leading from the bronchi that branch out
within each lung.
6. __________________- small air sacs at the end of the bronchioles that are
surrounded by capillaries for gas exchange to and from the blood
The Nervous System
1. Major Function: ________________________________________________________________________
2. The central nervous system is made up of your ___________________ which coordinates all body
functions, and the __________________ which transmits messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
3. A nerve cell is also called a ________________ and are cells that transmit messages throughout the
nervous system.
A neuron is made up of three parts:
___________- is the part of the neuron that receives
signals.
__________- is the functional portion of the neuron that
contains the nucleus.
___________- send electrical impulses away from the
cell’s body
Label these on the diagram
4. The brain is made up of three parts:
a. ____________________- controls your thinking, memory, and movement. This is the largest part of
the brain.
b. ____________________- controls balance and posture, located under the cerebrum.
c. ____________________- controls many of your autonomic responses like your heart beat, blood
pressure, and breathing.
The Lymphatic System (IMMUNE SYSTEM)
Major Function: _________________________________________________________________________.
Identify the major organs and label them on the diagram
1. ______________- clear fluid
that bathes tissues.
2. __________ blood cells fight
off pathogens and are the soldiers
1. ________________- modifies T-cells
“T-cell academy”.
2. ________________- located behind the stomach,
this organ produces white blood cells and removes
dead red blood cells.
3. ________________- Located in the back of the
mouth. Trap pathogens.
4. ___________ __________- remove
microorganisms, dead cells, and debri from lymph
fluid.
Urinary System
Major Function: ____________________________________________________________
1. ______________– filter harmful poisons
like urea from the blood through nephrons
2. _______________–stores urine
3. _______________– tubes that connect
kidneys to bladder
4. ______________– tube thru which urine
exits the body
Label
5. The urinary system excretes harmful wastes from the body blood in the body. Explain how these organ
systems also excrete wastes:
Respiratory System- ________________________________________________________
Integumentary System- ______________________________________________________
Degestive System- __________________________________________________________
Endocrine System
1. Major Function:
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Chemical messengers are called _____________________ and _________________ are the organs that
secrete them.
Major Organs of the Endocrine System:
-__________________- Controls all the functions
of the other
glands and stimulates growth. “The Master Gland”
-_________________- regulates the body’s
metabolism.
-_________________-releases adrenaline and
prepares the body for a fight or flight response.
- _________________-produces white blood cells
for immune response.
- _________________- regulates blood sugar
levels by creating a hormone called insulin.
- _________________- create eggs in woman and
a hormone called ____________
- __________________- create sperm in males but
also the hormone ______________.