Download Biology 2 – Study Guide

Study Guide
Cardiovascular System
NAME_____________________________
PART ONE: Blood Vessels
1.
Label the blood vessels in this diagram, using the alphabetized list of terms.
Arteries, capillaries, heart, veins, oxygenated blood, deoxygenated blood
2.
Match the vessel in the key to the statements that follow.
KEY: artery, vein, capillary
a. ______ has the thickest walls
d. _______takes blood to the heart
b. ______ has valves
e. _______ exchanges CO2 and O2 with tissues
c. ______ takes blood away from heart f. _______ nervous stimulation causes these to
constrict during hemorrhaging; these also act
as a blood reservoir
3.
Explain how it is possible to bypass capillary beds by shunting blood directly from arteriole to
venule.
PART TWO: The Heart
4.
Trace the path of blood through the heart from the vena cava to the lungs.
From the lungs to the aorta:
5.
Label the parts of the heart using the alphabetized list of terms:
Aorta
Aortic semilunar valve
AV node
septum
Left atrium
left ventricle
Right atrium
right ventricle
SA node
Purkinje fibers
atriventricular (tricuspid) valve
Atrioventricular (mitral) valve
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
pulmonary artery
6.
How does the thickness of the walls of the ventricles relate to their function?
7.
Referring to Figure 6.6 in the text, fill in the following table with the words SYSTOLE
(contraction) and DIASTOLE (relaxation) to show what happens during the 0.85 seconds of one
heartbeat.
time
atria
Ventricles
0.15 sec
0.30 sec
0.40 sec
8.
Heart sounds. When the atria contract, this forces blood through the ___________ valves
into the chambers called the ___________. The closing of these valves is the “lub” sound.
Next, the ventricles contract and force the blood into the arteries. Now the ________valves
close, making the “dub” sound.
9.
Match the following phrases to this key: SA node,
AV node
a. ___________pacemaker
c. ____________ base of right atrium near septum
b. __________ Purkinje fibers
d. ____________ contraction of ventricles
10. Electrocardiogram. Of what significance is each of the following?
P wave: ________________________________________________________
QRS wave: _____________________________________________________
T wave: _______________________________________________________
11. Match the following actions to the divisions of the nervous system.
KEY: parasympathetic system,
sympathetic system
a.
______________normal body functions
b. ______________active under times of stress
c.
______________ releases norepinephrine to speed up the heart
d. ______________ slows heart rate
12. Does the hormone thyroxine from the thyroid speed or slow the heart rate? ___________
Does the adrenal gland hormone, epinephrine, speed or slow the heart rate? ____________
13. What force accounts for blood flow in arteries? _________________________________
14. Why does this force fluctuate?
15. What causes the pressure and velocity to drop off?
16. What force accounts for blood flow in the veins?
17. What keeps blood from flowing backwards in veins?
PART THREE: Vascular Pathways
18. What is the vessel that carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?_____________
What is the vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium? _______________
What two vessels carry blood from the legs to the right atrium? _________ __________
What vessel carries blood from the aorta to the digestive tract? ____________________
What vessel carries blood from the digestive tract to the liver? _____________________
What vessel carries blood from the liver to the vena cava? _________________________
19. Match the items in the key to the statements that follow:
KEY: A. artificial pacemaker needed
B. dietary restriction of salt and/or cholesterol
C. donor heart transplant
D. coronary bypass
Clearing clogged arteries was unsuccessful: _____
Heartbeat is irregular _____
Blood pressure is 200/140 _____
Congestive heart failure is present _____
20. Match the items in the key to the phrases that follow:
KEY: A. thrombus and embolus
B. atherosclerosis and hypertension
C. varicose veins
D. hemorrhoids
stroke and heart attack _____
varicose veins in rectum _____ weakened valves _____
PART FOUR: Working together: Match the organ systems with the correct descriptions.
_____ Integumentary system
_____ Nervous system
_____ Respiratory system
_____ Urinary system
_____ Lymphatic system
_____ Reproductive system
_____ Muscular system
_____ Endocrine system
_____ Skeletal system
_____ Digestive system
a.
blood vessels transport leukocytes and antibodies; blood services lymphoid organs and is
source of tissue fluid that becomes lymph
b. blood vessels deliver nutrients and oxygen to bones; carry away wastes
c. blood vessels deliver nutrients and oxygen to muscles; carry away wastes
d. blood vessels deliver wastes to be excreted; blood pressure aids kidney function; blood
services urinary organs
e. blood vessels deliver nutrients and oxygen to skin, carry away wastes; blood clots if skin
is broken
f. blood vessels transport hormones from glands; blood services glands; heart produces
atrial natriuretic hormone
g. blood vessels transport nutrients from digestive tract to body; blood services digestive
organs
h. blood vessels transport sex hormones; vasodilation causes genitals to become erect;
blood services reproductive organs
i. blood vessels deliver nutrients and oxygen to neurons; carry away wastes
j. blood vessels transport gases to and from lungs; blood services respiratory organs.