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Skeletal System and Muscular System Notes Chapter 22 Section 2 and 3 Skeletal System Function 1. Supports the body 2. Allows movement 3. Protects internal organs 4. Stores minerals 5. Produces red blood cells Main structures: 1. 206 bones 2. cartilage Bones and Cartilage 1. Bones are living tissues 2. made up of bones cells 3. Inside are cavities that contain marrow a. yellow marrow made up of mostly fat b. red marrow makes red blood cells, platelets, and some white blood cells 4. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue – 5. skeleton of developing fetus starts out as cartilage then is replaced by bone 6. parts of the body not replaced by bone include ears, lower part of nose, 7. Cartilage helps cushion joints Joints 1. A place where one bone attaches to another 2. Ligaments connect bones to each other at joints 3. Three types of joints a. Immovable joint or fixed joint – bones locked together, ex. Skull b. Slightly movable – allows restricted movement joints between spin c. Freely movable joints – allow movement in one or more directions i. Ball and socket joint – ex. Shoulder and hip ii. Hinge joint – knee iii. Pivot joint – elbow iv. Saddle Joint – thumb Muscular System Functions: 1. movement 2. helps keep body warm 3. gives body shape 4. provides force needed to move blood through body Type of muscle tissue – (you already have this in your notes) 1. Skeletal muscle a. Connect bones of the body b. Used for movement c. Voluntary d. Also called striated muscle because muscles have bands called striations 2. Smooth muscle – a. Not under conscious control – therefore involuntary b. Walls of veins and in certain organs 3. Cardiac muscle a. Makes up the heart b. Not under conscious control therefore involuntary Bones and Muscles Work Together Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by connective tissues called Tendons Skeletal muscles are attached in opposing pairs, when one muscle contracts the other relaxes