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Standard Precautions Asepsis The absence of disease causing organisms A major way to break the chain of infection Maintains cleanliness and prevents/eliminates contamination Contaminated- pathogens are present Levels/types of Asepsis Cleansing Antisepsis Disinfection Sterilization Cleansing Aids in removal of germs Uses warm water and liquid soap Soap removes grease and grime, barriers to asepsis Often the first step in asepsis of instruments and hands Does NOT kill microorganisms, removes some Antisepsis Prevents or inhibits growth of many pathogens Not effective against viruses and spores Antiseptics: Alcohol and betadine Safe for skin Disinfection Destroys or kills pathogens Not always able to kill viruses and spores Strong chemicals are used, can irritate or damage skin Used on instruments and objects Disinfectants: Bleach and zephirin Sterilization Destroys all microorganisms (pathogens and non-pathogenic, viruses & spores) Multiple methods: Steam under pressure, heat, radiation, and strong chemicals Ex/ Steam and dry autoclaves Hand Washing - Essential 5 (WHO) World Health Organization guidelines say wash hands: 1. Before touching patient 2. Before clean or aseptic procedure 3. After body fluid exposure or risk exposure 4. After touching a patient 5. After touching a patient’s surroundings Waterless Hand Cleaning Technique Uses alcohol for antisepsis plus moisturizer to protect skin from drying Apply to hands Rub into all surfaces of hands (as with hand washing) Remember backs of hands, creases, nails Rub vigorously at least 15 -20 seconds *Wash hands traditional way once at start of day, and after any contact with blood or body fluids *Wash hands with water/soap if visibly soiled or after 6-10 cleanings with Practice Waterless hand cleaning Standard Precautions Rules developed by the CDC to prevent spread of infection Treats every body fluid as potentially infectious Assumes all patients are potential sources of infection Standard Precautions must be used when 1. Contact with blood 2. Contact with body fluid (saliva, sputum, urine, feces, vomitus, mucus, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, etc) 3. Mucous membranes 4. Nonintact skin 5. Tissue or cell specimens Stop and Process Draw a summary diagram illustrating a) Conditions for standard precautions of the CDC b)5 essential times for handwashing Standard precautions & PPE 1) Wash hands/sanitize before & after patient content. (WHO 5) 2) Gloves must be worn whenever contact with body fluids, membranes, tissue specimens are collected, cleaning contaminated surfaces, contacting blood. 3) Gowns must be worn during procedures causing spray, splashing of body fluids or blood. 4) Eye Protection & Masks - must be worn in similar cases as gowns 5) Sharps containers- must be used to dispose disposable needles, blades, & sharp objects Practice Donning and Removing Non-sterile gloves
