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SECONDARY EDUCATION 1ST ESO SOCIAL SCIENCES, GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY UNIT 5 ANCIENT GREECE THE BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) Introduction Initial assessment Contents Activities Self assessment Other resources: bibliography & internet resources Reinforcement Further study: Investigation project Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 1 A/ INTRODUCTION The Greek civilization marks the origins of the western civilization, is the first step in the formation of the European culture. Thus of great importance it is the Greek legacy: They were the first people to govern with a political system based on the participation of all the citizens: democracy (demos: people, cracia: government). The cities adopted a structure planned in advance; it is the beginning of urbanism. The citizens were looking for the artistic expression in all the fields: The architecture reached the maximum aesthetic levels. Who has not heard speaking about the Parthenon? The sculpture has lasted insuperably to the present day. The ceramics achieved a quality, perfection and an admirable variety. And the theatre appeared for the first time in history. With its double genre: the comedy and the tragedy. Represented in a few buildings designed to shelter thousands of spectators and designed in order that all of them saw and hearing the spectacle to the perfection, for instance the one of Epidauro. The Olympic Games, the most important sports competition of the world, have their origin in Ancient Greece. The first ones were celebrated in 776 B.C. Both in the arts and in the sciences the Ancient Greeks developed with great wisdom disciplines as Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), Mathematics (Pythagoras). They were the first ones in narrating the history (Herodotus) and also their currency (of Phoenician invention) spread over the whole Mediterranean thanks to the trade of the Greek colonies. It was the time of one of the big statesmen of all times: Alexander the Great. To honour him was founded the city that sheltered one of the biggest libraries of the world and a beacon that was one of seven marvels of the Ancient World: Alexandria. @ As we have done in the previous unit we are going to work with the " Project Palladium ". Besides using these resources in the classrooms or from your house, they are well adapted to be employed at group work with the digital whiteboard. http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/latingriego/Palladium/_comun/eshome.php In addition we propose several animations and trailers to familiarize yourself with this civilization at: http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38 035857_152309025_1_2,00.html Film trailers: http://www.quedetrailers.com/listado.php?letra=t&pagina=12 2 - Troy: go to letter T, then to page 12 - Alexander the Great: go to setter A, then to the page. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 B/ INITIAL ASSESSEMENT 1. You already know that one of the most advanced civilizations of humanity was the Greek. Some units ago you studied its relief, climate and vegetation when learning about the physical geography of Europe. Write down all the data you remember about Greek’s physical geography. 2. During Summer 2008 a very important and huge sports event happened in China. Which was it? What relation does it have with Ancient Greece? 3. Greece was the birthplace of a political system that rules our country. Do you remember which one is? Name some of its characteristics. 4. When you go to the theatre to enjoy a comedy or a tragedy. Do you know what the difference between them is? 5. 2,400 years ago, the Greeks reached our coasts and taught us many things. Write down what you know about the Greek legacy. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 3 C/ CONTENTS A. The history of Ancient Greece 1. The Ancient Greece World 2. The origins of Greece 3. The Archaic Age 4. The Classical Age: Sparta and Athens 5. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age B. Greek Lifestyle 1. Society and economy in Ancient Greece. 2. Religion and sports in Ancient Greece. 3. Greek Art 1. 2. Architecture: the Temple 3. Sculpture 4. Painting: pottery C. Oceania’s physical geography. 5. Size, location and natural boundaries. 6. Landforms. 7. Rivers and lakes. 8. Climate and vegetation. 9. 4 Environment Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 C/ ACTIVIDADES A. THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE 1. The Ancient Greece World 1. Complete the map of Ancient Greece 2. The origins of Greece. 2. To find the origins of this civilization we must place ourselves in 2.500 B.C. in the island of Crete. @ Digital whiteboard Get into the virtual encyclopaedia and match the animations on the “Palace of Knossos” and the “Palaces of Crete”. In a small group make a brainstorm with all the things you have seen. http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38 035857_152309025_1_1,00.html Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 5 3. 6 Complete the diagram below on the ages of Ancient Greece history: Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 3. Archaic Age 4. In the VIII century B.C. the Greeks grouped in "polis". Define this concept and summarize briefly how they were organized politically. 5. In this epoch the Greeks realize big emigrations along the coasts of the Mediterranean and founded numerous ………………….. @ Digital whiteboard Get into the virtual encyclopaedia and match the animations on the “City states”. In small groups brainstorm about all the things you have seen. http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38 035857_152309025_1_1,00.html 6. Complete the map below on the Greek colonisation. a) Color in red the expansion over the Mediterranean during the Archaic Age and in green the empire of Alexander the Great. b) Place the following seas and gulfs on the map: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Arabian Sea. c) Place the following rivers on the map: River Nile, Indus River, Tigris River, Euphrates River d) Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 7 4. The Classical Age: Sparta and Athens. 7. The political system developed by the Athenians in the V century was the …………………………………… DID YOU KNOW THAT… Pericles (496-429 B.C.) was chosen more than 15 times strategist of Athens, made his city a model of democracy and turned her into the cultural center of Greece (Hellas). He took to Athens the historian Herodotus, he protected Fidias and he attended to the theatre of Sophocles and Euripides. He remodelled the acropolis and the port of the Piraeus. He died because of an epidemic during the wars of the Peloponnesus. @ Digital whiteboard. Watch the animation on one of the most important battles of the Persian Wars: the Thermopiles. http://www.elpais.com/graficos/cultura/batalla/Termopilas/elpgracul/20070323 elpepucul_1/Ges Now share in group what you have learned. 8. Complete the graph below Persian Wars Peloponnesian Wars Dates Contenders Phases Causes Consequences 8 Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 5. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age 9. We are about to learn how to interpret a historical map from Alexander the Great’s Empire. With your teacher’s help analyze the time of Alexander the Great and his conquests. Then complete the map on page 10. REMEMBER The Greeks came to the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula in the middle of the 7th century BC. They entered in touch with the inhabitants of Tartessos, a very rich kingdom placed to the south of the peninsula. With this kingdom they traded and had good relations. Nevertheless they did not create colonies in the south because the Phoenicians were there. At the beginning of the 6th century BC the Greeks founded the first colony on the Mediterranean coast of the peninsula: Emporion (Ampurias) and later Hemeroscopeion (Denia) and Akra Leuke. 10. Color the map below and answer: a) Prepare a list with all the colonies and tell if they are Greek or Phoenician. b) Name the differences between a colony and a metropolis and give one example of each. 11. Color the map on the next page following the key and fill in the boxes. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 9 10 Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5 B. GREEK LIFESTYLE 1. Society and economy during the Classical Age. @ Get into the web site of the British Museum and play “Story, Explore and Challenge”: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/dailylife/home_set.html 12. Alter playing the previous games prepare an A-3 mural with the different types of pots and what they were for. 13. Make a bar graph on the percentage of inhabitants of each social class with the data below: - Citizens: - Citizens relatives: - Foreigners: - Foreigners relatives: - Slaves: 40.000 inhabitants 90.000 “ 12.000 “ 26.000 “ 200.000 “ “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.” Aristotle 16. According to Aristotle, the persuasive powers of a speaker depend on his/her reasoning (logic), the emotions he/she is able to stir in his/her listeners (emotion), and his/her character (personal appeal). He was a great speaker! To comment the extract on page 13 from “The Athenian Constitution” by Aristotle, written in 350 BC. We will follow these steps: 1. COMPREHENSIVE READING: - Reading out loud and understanding - Search an explanation of those terms of difficult comprehension - Definition of key words 2. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DOCUMENT: - Nature of the document: Historical Document Historiographycal Document - Type of document: Author Work Approximate date of being written - Analysis of the document: Prominent figures (location and brief description of the personage) Technical terms Key Words Locate the principal idea. Explain it. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 11 Distinguish secondary ideas. Explain them. Indicate the parts in the text 3. COMMENTARY OF THE DOCUMENT: - Explain briefly the epoch in which develops the text - Extract the historical consequences of the document. Part 6 As soon as he was at the head of affairs, Solon liberated the people once and for all, by prohibiting all loans on the security of the debtor's person: and in addition he made laws by which he cancelled all debts, public and private. This measure is commonly called the Seisachtheia [= removal of burdens], since thereby the people had their loads removed from them. In connexion with it some persons try to traduce the character of Solon. It so happened that, when he was about to enact the Seisachtheia, he communicated his intention to some members of the upper class, whereupon, as the partisans of the popular party say, his friends stole a march on him; while those who wish to attack his character maintain that he too had a share in the fraud himself. For these persons borrowed money and bought up a large amount of land, and so when, a short time afterwards, all debts were cancelled, they became wealthy; and this, they say, was the origin of the families which were afterwards looked on as having been wealthy from primeval times. However, the story of the popular party is by far the most probable. A man who was so moderate and public-spirited in all his other actions, that when it was within his power to put his fellow-citizens beneath his feet and establish himself as tyrant, he preferred instead to incur the hostility of both parties by placing his honour and the general welfare above his personal aggrandisement, is not likely to have consented to defile his hands by such a petty and palpable fraud. That he had this absolute power is, in the first place, indicated by the desperate condition the country; moreover, he mentions it himself repeatedly in his poems, and it is universally admitted. We are therefore bound to consider this accusation to be false. Extract from “The Athenian Constitution” by Aristotle 14. Explain briefly the three economic activities more developed by the Greeks. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 12 2. Religion and sports in Ancient Greece. @ 15. Digital whiteboard. Look at the following animations about “la vida en Grecia”, “la Acrópolis” and “Mitología, dioses griegos” http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38 035857_152309025_1_1,00.html 16. Write the number of the god in the box of the matching description. 1 2 Athene is the goddess of wisdom and war. Her symbol is an owl. Hermes is a son of Zeus. He is the gods' messenger. Hera is wife of Zeus and is queen of the gods. She is the most beautiful. 3 4 Poseidon is brother of Zeus and ruler of the oceans. Ares is a son of Zeus and god of war. He is young and handsome. 5 6 Zeus is the king of the gods and he controls the heavens. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 13 @Investigate on the Olympic Games and find out if women were allowed to attend the ancient Olympic Games. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/olympia/olympia1.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greek_olympics_01.shtml http://www.educar.org/Educacionfisicaydeportiva/historia/juegosolimpicos.asp http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos Play the interactive game on the Olympic Games at http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/classics/classics.shtml Finally make a list with what you have learned on the Olympic Games and share it with your classmates. 3. Art: temples, sculptures and pottery. @ To find out in depth how was the Ancient Greek Art go to: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/art/greekart.htm 17. Complete and name a couple of characteristics of each order: 18. Match the parts of a Greek temple with the place where they go. a) b) c) d) e) f) Stereobate (or substructure) Stylobate Colonnade (or peristyle) Porch (or pronaos) Cella (or naos) Rear porch (or opisthodomus) Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 14 DO YOU KNOW THAT… 80% of all Greek temples face east so the cult idol faces the rising sun. Most face the sunrise on the day of the temple's foundation, presumably the god's festival day. 19. Fill in the boxes with the architectonical elements of the Parthenon. 20. To study the Greek pottery do the activities on page 197 of your textbook. First read the step by step box. LEARN: The decorated Greek ceramics are the maximum representation and one of few testimonies of the Greek painting. The perfection that the Greek artists reached is this discipline, has not been overcome by any later artist. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 15 21. Let’s learn about Greek Sculpture. Is called ____________________ Is called ____________________ Was made by ________________ Represents Period: _____________________ Period: _____________________ Reasons why if from this period:__ Reasons why if from this period:__ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Is called ____________________ How are these columns with women Period: _____________________ shape called? ________________ Reasons why if from this period:__ Where are they? _______________ ________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 16 C. OCEANIA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Resources: student’s book, atlas, classroom library, encyclopaedia, internet, computer. Work system: pairs Make a Publisher leaflet about Oceania including maps and graphs with the information requested below in a), b) and c) and other relevant facts. Did you know? Oceania is a continent made by a group of islands and archipelagos. Some like Australia, New Zealand or Polynesia are well know. a) Place on the map (page 18) the most important landforms, oceans, seas, islands and rivers. b) Complete the chart bellow with information from your book. Climates Vegetation Hot Temperate REMEMBER Go to the Proyecto Sextante web site and work this unit’s topics. @ http://ares.cnice.mec.es/geografia/inicio.php Web activity: Australia’s Great Barrier Coral Reef “Largest structure on the planet built by living organisms, Australia’s coral rampart hosts a carnival of sea life. “ Douglas H. Chadwick Source: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0101/feature2/ c) Look for information on the Australia’s Great Barrier Coral Reef and prepare a summary on the environmental situation there. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 17 Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 18 GLOSSARY OF KEY WORDS Look up the meaning of the following words in a dictionary, including a picture of each of the words if possible. Add all the terms you find necessary during this unit. Polis Oligarchy Democracy Aristocracy Oligarchy Marathon Metics Helots Hoplite Acropolis Agora Mythology Symposium Citizen Oracle Pentathlon Kore Drachma Colony Clepsydra Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 19 E / SELFASSESSEMENT Name……………………………………………………………………… 1. Explain how the lifestyle of the Ancient Greece citizens was. 2. What kind of education did they receive? 3. How were they organized politically? 4. How were their religion and their gods? 5. What importance and significance did the Greek colonization have on the Iberian Peninsula? Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 20 6. Summarize briefly the wars between the Geeks and the Persians. Do you remember how were they called? 7. During the Splendour of Athens who was in charge of the government and how did he govern? 8. Who was the great Greek conqueror during the IV century BC? Explain everything you know about him. 9. Explain all the characteristics of a Greek temple and give one example. 10. Choose one Greek sculpture and comment it. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 21 F/ OTHER RESOURCES: BIBLIOGRAPHY & WEB LINKS Along all the units you will be finding suggestions of books, films or web pages, with which you will be able to complete and to extend your knowledge on what you are studying. Film: Fiction Books DVD: Other books Troy, by Wolfgang Petersen, 2004. El pescador de esponjas Juvenil Magisterio y Casals C. Goñi, Buscando a Platón vía Internet, Einusa. J. Martín, Los juegos olímpicos en la antigüedad, Ed. Glénat. El sello de Eolo. Ed Edebé Un diamante para el rey. Ed. Anaya La Ilíada. Ediciones Rialp La Odisea Ediciones Rialp Atlas interactivo de Historia Universal, vol. 1. MD. Grandes épocas del arte: La Grecia Clásica, vol. 1. MD. Grecia. Civilizaciones perdidas, vol. 02. Raquel López Melero, Así vivíanen la antigua Grecia. Anaya. Biblioteca Básica de Historia. Scientific resources C. M. Bowra, La Atenas de Pericles, Ed. Alianza. J. A. Ramírez (dir.), Historia del arte. El mundo antiguo, vol. 1. Alianza Editorial. Federico Lara Peinado, José M.ª Blázquez y otros, El mundo griego, Ediciones Nájera. @ Internet resources Dearqueología: http://www.dearqueologia.com/ Proyecto Palladium: http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/latingriego/Palladium/griego/esg145ca1.php# Mil años en línea: http://www.indexnet.santillana.es/secundaria/n3/GeografiaEhistoria/10lineaTiempo. html Medic Wars and Peloponnesian Wars: www.escolar.com/avanzado/historia011.html Virtual tour http://www.anmal.uma.es/anmal/Grecia_clasica.htm More about Greece: - http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/contextos/547.htm - http://www.atenea-nike.com/pagina_11.html British Museum: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/ Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 22 G/ REINFORCEMENT 1.- What is a ‘polis’? Which were the two most important ‘polis’ in ancient Greece? Explain them. 2.- Define the word ‘citizen’. Which people in Sparta and Athens were not citizens? 3.- Who invaded Greece in the first part of the 5th century? What was the name of this war? Name some of the most important battles that took place during this war. 4.- Name 5 important gods and goddesses in ancient Greece and write their area of activity. 5.- What is the difference between ‘oligarchy’ and ‘democracy’? Where were these two systems of government developed in ancient Greece? 6.- Who was Pericles? Write what you know about him. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 23 7.- What is an ‘acropolis’? Name the most important monuments that can be found on the Acropolis in Athens. 8.- What important event took place in ancient Greece in the year 776 BC? Write what you remember about it. 9.- In what way was womens’ life different from mens’ life in ancient Athens? 10.- Write about 5 things the Greeks have left us. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 24 H/ FURTHER STUDY / INVESTIGATION PROJECT Work System: Individual Resources: All the resources used in the unit, encyclopaedia and reference books Choose one of the following topics: 1.- Draw an illustrated diagram summarising some of the daily activities of a reasonably wealthy Athenian citizen. Include such things as: meals time in the agora at the palaestra pastimes symposia attending the assembly or the courts. 2.- Writing about history: write a brief outline of Pericles’ life. Here is a suggestion as to how you could organise your outline: 1.- Date of birth, his mother and father and family background 2.- His early experiences 3.- His appearance, character and abilities 4.- His political career – when he first spoke in the assembly; his beliefs about democracy; his position in Athens from 445 BC until his death; his feelings about this city. 5.- His major achievements – buildings and democracy. 6.- The last years of his life, how and when he died, and how old he was. 3.- Investigate the religious beliefs and values of the ancient Greeks. Explain why the Greeks: paid attention to the gods as often as possible looked forward to religious festivals visited the site of Delphi in central Greece believed so strongly in carrying out the correct burial rites. 4.- One of the most famous Greek stories is about the Wooden Horse. Archaeologists have found evidence that there was a war between Greece and Troy, but no-one is sure if the wooden horse was real. Look for information about this story and list the reasons you think it might be a legend. Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 25 5.- Using the information: read chapter 7 of the book ‘Ancient Greece’ (Cambridge Junior History) and answer the following questions about the Olympic Games: What evidence is there in source 7.13 that the games were part of a religious festival? From source 7.13, make a list of the events contested in the ancient Olympics in the fifth century BC. Which of these events are not part of the modern Olympics? Where was the competitors’ oath taken? Who else took this oath? Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8 26