Download 1º de educación secundaria obligatoria

SECONDARY EDUCATION 1ST ESO
SOCIAL SCIENCES, GEOGRAPHY & HISTORY
UNIT 5
ANCIENT GREECE
THE BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Introduction
Initial assessment
Contents
Activities
Self assessment
Other resources: bibliography & internet resources
Reinforcement
Further study: Investigation project
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
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A/ INTRODUCTION
The Greek civilization marks the origins of the western civilization, is the first step in
the formation of the European culture. Thus of great importance it is the Greek
legacy:
They were the first people to govern with a political system based on the
participation of all the citizens: democracy (demos: people, cracia: government).
The cities adopted a structure planned in advance; it is the beginning of urbanism.
The citizens were looking for the artistic expression in all the fields:
The architecture reached the maximum aesthetic levels. Who has not heard
speaking about the Parthenon?
The sculpture has lasted insuperably to the present day.
The ceramics achieved a quality, perfection and an admirable variety.
And the theatre appeared for the first time in history. With its double genre: the
comedy and the tragedy. Represented in a few buildings designed to shelter
thousands of spectators and designed in order that all of them saw and hearing the
spectacle to the perfection, for instance the one of Epidauro.
The Olympic Games, the most important sports competition of the world, have their
origin in Ancient Greece. The first ones were celebrated in 776 B.C.
Both in the arts and in the sciences the Ancient Greeks developed with great
wisdom disciplines as Philosophy (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), Mathematics
(Pythagoras). They were the first ones in narrating the history (Herodotus) and also
their currency (of Phoenician invention) spread over the whole Mediterranean
thanks to the trade of the Greek colonies.
It was the time of one of the big statesmen of all times: Alexander the Great. To
honour him was founded the city that sheltered one of the biggest libraries of the
world and a beacon that was one of seven marvels of the Ancient World:
Alexandria.
@ As we have done in the previous unit we are going
to work with the " Project Palladium ". Besides using
these resources in the classrooms or from your house,
they are well adapted to be employed at group work with
the digital whiteboard.
http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/latingriego/Palladium/_comun/eshome.php
In addition we propose several animations and trailers to familiarize yourself with
this civilization at:
http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38
035857_152309025_1_2,00.html
Film trailers: http://www.quedetrailers.com/listado.php?letra=t&pagina=12
2
-
Troy: go to letter T, then to page 12
-
Alexander the Great: go to setter A, then to the page.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
B/ INITIAL ASSESSEMENT
1. You already know that one of the most advanced civilizations of humanity was the
Greek. Some units ago you studied its relief, climate and vegetation when learning
about the physical geography of Europe. Write down all the data you remember
about Greek’s physical geography.
2. During Summer 2008 a very important and huge sports event happened in China.
Which was it? What relation does it have with Ancient Greece?
3. Greece was the birthplace of a political system that rules our country. Do you
remember which one is? Name some of its characteristics.
4. When you go to the theatre to enjoy a comedy or a tragedy. Do you know what
the difference between them is?
5. 2,400 years ago, the Greeks reached our coasts and taught us many things.
Write down what you know about the Greek legacy.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
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C/ CONTENTS
A. The history of Ancient Greece
1. The Ancient Greece World
2. The origins of Greece
3. The Archaic Age
4. The Classical Age: Sparta and Athens
5. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age
B. Greek Lifestyle
1. Society and economy in Ancient Greece.
2. Religion and sports in Ancient Greece.
3. Greek Art
1.
2. Architecture: the Temple
3. Sculpture
4. Painting: pottery
C. Oceania’s physical geography.
5. Size, location and natural boundaries.
6. Landforms.
7. Rivers and lakes.
8. Climate and vegetation.
9.
4
Environment
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
C/ ACTIVIDADES
A. THE HISTORY OF ANCIENT GREECE
1. The Ancient Greece World
1. Complete the map of Ancient Greece
2. The origins of Greece.
2. To find the origins of this civilization we must place ourselves in 2.500 B.C. in
the island of Crete.
@
Digital whiteboard Get into the virtual encyclopaedia and match the
animations on the “Palace of Knossos” and the “Palaces of Crete”.
In a small group make a brainstorm with all the things you have seen.
http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38
035857_152309025_1_1,00.html
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
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3.
6
Complete the diagram below on the ages of Ancient Greece history:
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
3. Archaic Age
4.
In the VIII century B.C. the Greeks grouped in "polis". Define this concept
and summarize briefly how they were organized politically.
5. In this epoch the Greeks realize big emigrations along the coasts of the
Mediterranean and founded numerous …………………..
@
Digital whiteboard Get into the virtual encyclopaedia and match the
animations on the “City states”.
In small groups brainstorm about all the things you have seen.
http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38
035857_152309025_1_1,00.html
6. Complete the map below on the Greek colonisation.
a) Color in red the expansion over the Mediterranean during the Archaic
Age and in green the empire of Alexander the Great.
b) Place the following seas and gulfs on the map: Persian Gulf, Gulf of
Oman, Caspian Sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and
Arabian Sea.
c) Place the following rivers on the map: River Nile, Indus River, Tigris
River, Euphrates River
d)
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
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4. The Classical Age: Sparta and Athens.
7. The political system developed by the Athenians in the V century was
the ……………………………………
DID YOU KNOW THAT…
Pericles (496-429 B.C.) was chosen more than 15 times
strategist of Athens, made his city a model of
democracy and turned her into the cultural center of
Greece (Hellas). He took to Athens the historian
Herodotus, he protected Fidias and he attended to the
theatre of Sophocles and Euripides. He remodelled the
acropolis and the port of the Piraeus. He died because
of an epidemic during the wars of the Peloponnesus.
@ Digital whiteboard. Watch the animation on one of the most important
battles of the Persian Wars: the Thermopiles.
http://www.elpais.com/graficos/cultura/batalla/Termopilas/elpgracul/20070323
elpepucul_1/Ges
Now share in group what you have learned.
8. Complete the graph below
Persian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars
Dates
Contenders
Phases
Causes
Consequences
8
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
5. Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age
9. We are about to learn how to interpret a historical map from
Alexander the Great’s Empire.
With your teacher’s help analyze the time of Alexander the Great and his
conquests. Then complete the map on page 10.
REMEMBER
The Greeks came to the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula in the middle of the 7th
century BC. They entered in touch with the inhabitants of Tartessos, a very rich
kingdom placed to the south of the peninsula. With this kingdom they traded and
had good relations. Nevertheless they did not create colonies in the south because
the Phoenicians were there.
At the beginning of the 6th century BC the Greeks founded the first colony on the
Mediterranean coast of the peninsula: Emporion (Ampurias) and later
Hemeroscopeion (Denia) and Akra Leuke.
10. Color the map below and answer:
a) Prepare a list with all the colonies and tell if they are Greek or Phoenician.
b) Name the differences between a colony and a metropolis and give one
example of each.
11. Color the map on the next page following the key and fill in the boxes.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
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10 Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geography & History 1st ESO Unit 5
B. GREEK LIFESTYLE
1. Society and economy during the Classical Age.
@ Get into the web site of the British Museum and play “Story, Explore and
Challenge”: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/dailylife/home_set.html
12.
Alter playing the previous games prepare an A-3 mural with the different
types of pots and what they were for.
13. Make a bar graph on the percentage of inhabitants of each social class with the
data below:
- Citizens:
- Citizens relatives:
- Foreigners:
- Foreigners relatives:
- Slaves:
40.000 inhabitants
90.000
“
12.000
“
26.000
“
200.000
“
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit.”
Aristotle
16. According to Aristotle, the persuasive powers of a speaker depend
on his/her reasoning (logic), the emotions he/she is able to
stir in his/her listeners (emotion), and his/her character
(personal appeal). He was a great speaker!
To comment the extract on page 13 from “The Athenian
Constitution” by Aristotle, written in 350 BC. We will follow these steps:
1. COMPREHENSIVE READING:
- Reading out loud and understanding
- Search an explanation of those terms of difficult comprehension
- Definition of key words
2. CLASSIFICATION OF THE DOCUMENT:
- Nature of the document:
Historical Document
Historiographycal Document
- Type of document:
Author
Work
Approximate date of being written
- Analysis of the document:
Prominent figures (location and brief description of the personage)
Technical terms
Key Words
Locate the principal idea. Explain it.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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Distinguish secondary ideas. Explain them.
Indicate the parts in the text
3. COMMENTARY OF THE DOCUMENT:
- Explain briefly the epoch in which develops the text
- Extract the historical consequences of the document.
Part 6
As soon as he was at the head of affairs, Solon liberated the people once and for all,
by prohibiting all loans on the security of the debtor's person: and in addition he
made laws by which he cancelled all debts, public and private. This measure is
commonly called the Seisachtheia [= removal of burdens], since thereby the people
had their loads removed from them. In connexion with it some persons try to traduce
the character of Solon. It so happened that, when he was about to enact the
Seisachtheia, he communicated his intention to some members of the upper class,
whereupon, as the partisans of the popular party say, his friends stole a march on
him; while those who wish to attack his character maintain that he too had a share in
the fraud himself. For these persons borrowed money and bought up a large amount
of land, and so when, a short time afterwards, all debts were cancelled, they
became wealthy; and this, they say, was the origin of the families which were
afterwards looked on as having been wealthy from primeval times. However, the
story of the popular party is by far the most probable. A man who was so moderate
and public-spirited in all his other actions, that when it was within his power to put
his fellow-citizens beneath his feet and establish himself as tyrant, he preferred
instead to incur the hostility of both parties by placing his honour and the general
welfare above his personal aggrandisement, is not likely to have consented to defile
his hands by such a petty and palpable fraud. That he had this absolute power is, in
the first place, indicated by the desperate condition the country; moreover, he
mentions it himself repeatedly in his poems, and it is universally admitted. We are
therefore bound to consider this accusation to be false.
Extract from “The Athenian Constitution” by Aristotle
14. Explain briefly the three economic activities more developed by the
Greeks.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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2. Religion and sports in Ancient Greece.
@
15.
Digital whiteboard. Look at the following animations about
“la vida en Grecia”, “la Acrópolis” and “Mitología, dioses griegos”
http://icarito.latercera.cl/icarito/enciclopedia/canal/complementos/multimedias/0,0,38
035857_152309025_1_1,00.html
16. Write the number of the god in the box of the matching description.
1
2
Athene is the goddess of
wisdom and war. Her symbol is
an owl.
Hermes is a son of Zeus. He is
the gods' messenger.
Hera is wife of Zeus and is
queen of the gods. She is the
most beautiful.
3
4
Poseidon is brother of Zeus and
ruler of the oceans.
Ares is a son of Zeus and god of
war. He is young and
handsome.
5
6
Zeus is the king of the gods and
he controls the heavens.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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@Investigate on the Olympic Games and find out if
women were allowed to attend the ancient Olympic Games.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/olympia/olympia1.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greek_olympics_01.shtml
http://www.educar.org/Educacionfisicaydeportiva/historia/juegosolimpicos.asp
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juegos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos
Play the interactive game on the Olympic Games at
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreece/classics/classics.shtml
Finally make a list with what you have learned on the Olympic Games
and share it with your classmates.
3. Art: temples, sculptures and pottery.
@ To find out in depth how was the Ancient Greek Art go to:
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/art/greekart.htm
17. Complete and name a couple of characteristics of each order:
18. Match the parts of a Greek temple with the place where they go.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Stereobate (or substructure)
Stylobate
Colonnade (or peristyle)
Porch (or pronaos)
Cella (or naos)
Rear porch (or opisthodomus)
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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DO YOU KNOW THAT…
80% of all Greek temples face east so the cult idol faces the rising sun. Most face
the sunrise on the day of the temple's foundation, presumably the god's festival day.
19. Fill in the boxes with the architectonical elements of the Parthenon.
20.
To study the Greek pottery do the activities on page 197 of your
textbook. First read the step by step box.
LEARN:
The decorated Greek ceramics are the maximum representation and one of few
testimonies of the Greek painting.
The perfection that the Greek artists reached is this discipline, has not been
overcome by any later artist.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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21. Let’s learn about Greek Sculpture.
Is called ____________________
Is called ____________________
Was made by ________________
Represents
Period: _____________________
Period: _____________________
Reasons why if from this period:__
Reasons why if from this period:__
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
Is called ____________________
How are these columns with women
Period: _____________________
shape called? ________________
Reasons why if from this period:__
Where are they? _______________
________________
____________________________
____________________________
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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C. OCEANIA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Resources: student’s book, atlas, classroom library, encyclopaedia,
internet, computer.
Work system: pairs
Make a Publisher leaflet about Oceania including maps and graphs with the
information requested below in a), b) and c) and other relevant facts.
Did you know?
Oceania is a continent made by a group of islands and archipelagos. Some like
Australia, New Zealand or Polynesia are well know.
a) Place on the map (page 18) the most important landforms, oceans,
seas, islands and rivers.
b) Complete the chart bellow with information from your book.
Climates
Vegetation
Hot
Temperate
REMEMBER
Go to the Proyecto Sextante web site and work this unit’s
topics.
@ http://ares.cnice.mec.es/geografia/inicio.php
Web activity: Australia’s Great Barrier Coral Reef
“Largest structure on the planet built by living organisms, Australia’s coral
rampart hosts a carnival of sea life. “
Douglas H. Chadwick
Source: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0101/feature2/
c) Look for information on the Australia’s Great Barrier Coral Reef and prepare a
summary on the environmental situation there.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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GLOSSARY OF KEY WORDS
Look up the meaning of the following words in a dictionary, including a
picture of each of the words if possible.
Add all the terms you find necessary during this unit.
Polis
Oligarchy
Democracy
Aristocracy
Oligarchy
Marathon
Metics
Helots
Hoplite
Acropolis
Agora
Mythology
Symposium
Citizen
Oracle
Pentathlon
Kore
Drachma
Colony
Clepsydra
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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E / SELFASSESSEMENT
Name………………………………………………………………………
1. Explain how the lifestyle of the Ancient Greece citizens was.
2. What kind of education did they receive?
3. How were they organized politically?
4. How were their religion and their gods?
5. What importance and significance did the Greek colonization have on the Iberian
Peninsula?
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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6. Summarize briefly the wars between the Geeks and the Persians. Do you
remember how were they called?
7. During the Splendour of Athens who was in charge of the government and how
did he govern?
8. Who was the great Greek conqueror during the IV century BC? Explain
everything you know about him.
9. Explain all the characteristics of a Greek temple and give one example.
10. Choose one Greek sculpture and comment it.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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F/ OTHER RESOURCES: BIBLIOGRAPHY & WEB LINKS
Along all the units you will be finding suggestions of books, films or web pages, with
which you will be able to complete and to extend your knowledge on what you are
studying.
Film:

Fiction Books







DVD:



Other books

Troy, by Wolfgang Petersen, 2004.
El pescador de esponjas Juvenil Magisterio y Casals
C. Goñi, Buscando a Platón vía Internet, Einusa.
J. Martín, Los juegos olímpicos en la antigüedad, Ed. Glénat.
El sello de Eolo. Ed Edebé
Un diamante para el rey. Ed. Anaya
La Ilíada. Ediciones Rialp
La Odisea Ediciones Rialp
Atlas interactivo de Historia Universal, vol. 1. MD.
Grandes épocas del arte: La Grecia Clásica, vol. 1. MD.
Grecia. Civilizaciones perdidas, vol. 02.
Raquel López Melero, Así vivíanen la antigua Grecia. Anaya.
Biblioteca Básica de Historia.
Scientific resources
 C. M. Bowra, La Atenas de Pericles, Ed. Alianza.
 J. A. Ramírez (dir.), Historia del arte. El mundo antiguo, vol. 1.
Alianza Editorial.
 Federico Lara Peinado, José M.ª Blázquez y otros, El mundo
griego, Ediciones Nájera.
@ Internet resources
Dearqueología: http://www.dearqueologia.com/
Proyecto Palladium:
http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/latingriego/Palladium/griego/esg145ca1.php#
Mil años en línea:
http://www.indexnet.santillana.es/secundaria/n3/GeografiaEhistoria/10lineaTiempo.
html
Medic Wars and Peloponnesian Wars:
www.escolar.com/avanzado/historia011.html
Virtual tour http://www.anmal.uma.es/anmal/Grecia_clasica.htm
More about Greece:
- http://www.artehistoria.com/historia/contextos/547.htm
- http://www.atenea-nike.com/pagina_11.html
British Museum: http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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G/ REINFORCEMENT
1.- What is a ‘polis’? Which were the two most important ‘polis’ in ancient Greece?
Explain them.
2.- Define the word ‘citizen’. Which people in Sparta and Athens were not citizens?
3.- Who invaded Greece in the first part of the 5th century? What was the name of
this war? Name some of the most important battles that took place during this war.
4.- Name 5 important gods and goddesses in ancient Greece and write their area of
activity.
5.- What is the difference between ‘oligarchy’ and ‘democracy’? Where were these
two systems of government developed in ancient Greece?
6.- Who was Pericles? Write what you know about him.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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7.- What is an ‘acropolis’? Name the most important monuments that can be found
on the Acropolis in Athens.
8.- What important event took place in ancient Greece in the year 776 BC? Write
what you remember about it.
9.- In what way was womens’ life different from mens’ life in ancient Athens?
10.- Write about 5 things the Greeks have left us.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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H/ FURTHER STUDY / INVESTIGATION PROJECT
Work System: Individual
Resources: All the resources used in the unit, encyclopaedia and reference books
Choose one of the following topics:
1.- Draw an illustrated diagram summarising some of the daily activities of a
reasonably wealthy Athenian citizen. Include such things as:
 meals
 time in the agora
 at the palaestra
 pastimes
 symposia
 attending the assembly or the courts.
2.- Writing about history: write a brief outline of Pericles’ life. Here is a suggestion as
to how you could organise your outline:
1.- Date of birth, his mother and father and family background
2.- His early experiences
3.- His appearance, character and abilities
4.- His political career – when he first spoke in the assembly; his
beliefs about democracy; his position in Athens from 445 BC until his
death; his feelings about this city.
5.- His major achievements – buildings and democracy.
6.- The last years of his life, how and when he died, and how old he
was.
3.- Investigate the religious beliefs and values of the ancient Greeks. Explain why
the Greeks:




paid attention to the gods as often as possible
looked forward to religious festivals
visited the site of Delphi in central Greece
believed so strongly in carrying out the correct burial rites.
4.- One of the most famous Greek stories is about the Wooden Horse.
Archaeologists have found evidence that there was a war between Greece and
Troy, but no-one is sure if the wooden horse was real. Look for information about
this story and list the reasons you think it might be a legend.
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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5.- Using the information: read chapter 7 of the book ‘Ancient Greece’ (Cambridge
Junior History) and answer the following questions about the Olympic Games:



What evidence is there in source 7.13 that the games were part of a
religious festival?
From source 7.13, make a list of the events contested in the ancient
Olympics in the fifth century BC. Which of these events are not part of the
modern Olympics?
Where was the competitors’ oath taken? Who else took this oath?
Sistema Educativo SEK – Aula Inteligente
Geografía e historia 1º ESO Unidad 8
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