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VI. LESSON 6 [Also refer to pg 70 in textbk]
Unit 1 – Lessons 1-6 “Describing Matter” (Pages 4-87)
A. Changes in States of Matter
1. Changes in _______ of matter are _______________ changes because the substance _______ the
change is the ________ as the substance you ____________ with because ______ its ______________
changed ______ its ________________
2. A substance’s _______ of matter depends on the freedom of ___________ and _______________ of
Its particles (_________/molecules)
a. (e.g.) the ____________ the attraction of the particles; the result is _____ freedom to _______
3. The ________/molecules of ____ matter, even ________ substances, have some degree of ________
4. As particles of a _______ move _________ they are able to ________ loose and begin to ______ past
one another becoming a ____________, then eventually they move in _____ directions as a ____
*5. Changes in ____________ is explained in terms that refer to the “effects of ____________”
*a. (e.g.) _____________energy (energy of ____________) and _______________ energy
6. Changing from one _________ of matter to another happens when a substance _______ or _______
__________
*7. ________________  is the ___________ of the average _________ energy (energy of _________)
of the particles (_________/molecules)
*a. The ________ of matter depends on the ____________ between the __________ energy
(energy of ___________) and the ____________ in the bonds (latent heat ___________)
holding the particles together
8. When the ________________ of a substance increases or _____________ a _____________ in its
_________ of matter can result
a. As the _________________ of a ________ is __________, its particles _______ energy
causing ______________  the change in state of matter from a ________ to a _________
*1. ____________ ______  is the specific _______________ when __________ occurs;
the molecules _________ up and the attraction between particles _______________
*a. Adding _________ makes molecules of a solid ____________ faster, which
continues to _______ the temperature until the molecules are able to “_______
free” from their _________ position and become a __________
b. As the ________________ of a ______ is ___________, its particles _____ energy causing it
to _____________ (or solidify)  the change in state of matter from a _______ to a ______
*1. ___________ ______  is the specific ________________ when __________ occurs,
which for water is at the _______ temperature as when it _________ (___ __)
*a. A ______ of energy makes the molecules ______ down as the _____________
between particles _______________ until the molecules are able to form their
______________ patterns and become a _________
*b. Whether a substance is ___________ or __________ depends on the ______ of
matter it is ____________________ in
*1. (e.g.) Ice at ___ __ begins to _______, while a puddle of water begins
to _______________ at ___ __
*c. As the ________________ of a _________ is _________, its particles ______ energy causing
it to ______________  the change in state of matter when a ________ gains enough
___________ to change into a ______
*1. There are “__” types of ___________________: _______________ and ___________
*a. ________________  is ___________________ that takes place only at the
____________ of a _______, because as the _________ molecules
of a liquid _________ energy, only those molecules are able to
gradually __________ into the ____________________
*1. (e.g.) water ________________ at temperatures ______ than ____ __
*b. __________  is _______________ taking place ______________ a ________
and at the __________ as it rapidly changes into a ____ (or vapor)
*c. __________ Point  the specific ________________ when each liquid ______
*1. (e.g.) water __________ at _____ __
*2.
_______________ Point and ____ Pressure
*a. The ____________ point also depends on the ___________ of the air _______
the liquid
*1. The __________ the air pressure above a ________ less __________ is
needed by the liquid’s _____________ to escape into ______________
*a. (e.g.) With the air __________ at ___ ________, water boils at
____ __, but at much ________ elevations the air ___________
and the boiling point of water is _____
*b. (e.g.) Denver, Colorado (5,289 ft /1 mi) – water boils at ___ __
d. As the _______________ of a ________ is ____________, its particles _____ energy and the
_________________ of its particles overcomes the _________ of their motion causing the
liquid to ______________  the change in state of matter when a ______ loses enough
______________ to change into a ___________
*1. Special type of ______________________ is ______
*a. Dew Point  temperature when a _____ begins to condense into a _________
*2. __________________ is the opposite of ____________________
*3. (e.g.) __________, fog, and the ________ above a boiling kettle are all ____________
water vapor, which are tiny droplets of _________ ________________ in the air
e. Some __________ are able to _______ enough energy that as the _________________ rises
the __________ of the motion of their ____________ particles completely overcomes their
_______________ to one another causing the _______ to change _____________ into a ____
without becoming a _______ causing __________________  the change in state of matter
from a ________ directly into a ____
*1. (e.g.) Dry ice (or solid _____) never __________, but rather changes directly _______
a _____ from its _________ state of ___________
*a. Solid CO2 (-800 C) coming in contact with warmer air (250 C) ______________,
and as the water vapor in the ________________ comes near the cold CO2,
_________________ occurs and ______ appears
f. _____________ (or desublimation)  changing from a ____ state of matter ___________ to
the ________ state because the _____ particles ______ energy and the ________________ of
the particles _______ into a rigid, _______ structure __________ ever becoming a ________
*a. (e.g.) Ice ______________ forming on the __________ of a cold glass window
B. Energy and Motion of Particles
1. What _______ change when changing __________ of matter:
 its _________________ state (it __________ the same kind of ____________)
 its ____________________ (how it looks; its ________)
 the _______________ of the particles (gaining or ___________)
 the _______________ of the particles (________ or _________)
 the _______________ of the particles (_________ for ________; ______ for _________;
_________ for ________)
2. What does ____ change when changing ___________ of matter
 the __________ __________ of the matter (e.g . ___ and _______ water are both ____)
*C. ILLUSTRATION of Relationships Between States of Matter:
_____________
______________
LIQUID
SOLID
______________
_
_____________________:
______________ (surface)
__________ (throughout)
___________________
(or desublimation)
____________________
_
GAS
_________________
__
__________________
__
*D. LATENT HEAT and Changes of States [Refer to pg76]
(w/water from -10o C to 110o C)
PLASMA
*1. Below ___ ___ water exists in its ________ state of matter as _______ ( -10o C)
*2. When ____________, the solid ice molecules _______________ faster and the temperature ______
*3. With the addition of more ___________ added to the ice at __ __, the ice begins to __________ and
turns into a ________________, but the overall temperature of the liquid remains at ___ ___
a. Changes in _________ of matter do _____ instantly happen at the ______ time, that is why the
________________ will remain ___________ until the change in _________ is ____________
*b. Before the temperature of the water can rise above __ __, it _______ be totally in its _________
state of matter due to latent heat, the “hidden heat” that causes a solid to __________ before
________________ the overall temperature of the _____________
*1. _________ heat  provides the __________ for the molecules to be rearranged, but
it does _____ make the molecules move ____________ and
therefore the overall temperature of the substance remains at the
current ____________________
*4. As the totally _________ water is heated by the surrounding ___ __ of the room, its temperature
will _____ continue to ________, and as more ____________ is added the temperature of the water
will rise _________ 0o C and continue rising until it reaches ___ __ causing __________________, a
special type of _________________________ to occur to the __________________ molecules only
*5. As even more ___________ is added using the aid of a heat source (a Bunsen burner), the liquid
water reaches _____ ___ causing _______________, another special type of ___________________
to occur to ______ the molecules _______________________ the liquid
*a. ___________ heat again provides the _____________ for the molecules to be rearranged and
escape the liquid state and become a ______ called _________ _________, but it does _____
make the molecules move _____________, therefore the overall temperature of the _______
remains at _____ ___ until ______ the liquid ______________ into a ________
*6. Water _______ be in its _____ state before the ________________ can once again move __________
and the temperature is able to __________ above ____ ___ to a temperature of ____ __
*7. When the water vapor ______________, which makes it ___________ and is now called ________.
At this point some ___________ is _________ and the temperature becomes ________ than 110o C
*a. When water vapor touches your skin, it first ________ you at a temperature of ____ __, then as
it __________________ back into a ____________ it continues to ___________ your skin at a
temperature of _____ ___
*b. (drawing)
*E. ILLUSTRATION to Determine States of Matter:
(given Melting Point and Boiling Point temperatures)
SUBSTANCE
SOLID
(below MP)
Melting Point
LIQUID
(between MP & BP)
Boiling Point
GAS
(above BP)
(e.g.)
water
[H2O]
(e.g.)
chloroform
[CHCl3]
(e.g.)
ethanol
[C2H2 O]
(e.g.)
propane
[C3H8]
(e.g.)
sodium chloride
(table salt)
[NaCl]
00 C
1000 C
- 640 C
610 C
-1170 C
790 C
-1900 C
-420 C
8010 C
1,4650 C
1. Which substance is a gas at 25o C (room temperature)? ___________________________________________________________
2. What is the state of matter of water at 83 o C?
__________________________________________________________________
3. If the temperature of ethanol changed from 65o C = ________ to 85o C = ____, what type of change (physical or chemical) would
take place? ___________________ WHY? ____________________________________________________________________
4. Name the substance that is a solid at room temperature (25o C)? _____________________________________________________
5. What would the state of matter be for the other 4 substances at room temperature?
_______________________; _______________________; _________________________;
_________________________
6. The boiling point of [C7 H16] is 98o C. Which of the five substances could be confused with heptane based on only knowing that
one characteristic property? What else would you need to know in order to distinguish water from heptane? ______________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. Which substance changes its state of matter when heated from 10 o C = __________ to 77o C = __________?
________________
8. What would happen to the other 4 substances when heated from 10 o C to 77o C?
____________________________________________;
_______________________________________________________;
____________________________________________;
________________________________________________________
*F. Law of Conservation of Energy
*1. Law of Conservation of __________  states that the ________ amount of ________ always stays
the ______ regardless of how many times it undergoes a ____________ and/or ____________ change
*2. ________________  means “to protect from _____” (Earth Sci); or stays the ______ (Chemistry)
*3. _____________ can ____________ from one ________ to another, but __________ is __________
created or _________________
*a. (e.g.) Igniting a match changes potential energy (_________ energy) into ___________ energy,
________ energy, ____________ energy, and __________ energy (_________ of motion)
*1. Although the _________ changes into many different _______, the ________ amount
of energy produced in a ___________ match is ________ to the amount of ___________
energy __________ in an unlit _________ and therefore _________ is ______________
G. Law of Conservation of Mass
*1. Law of _________________ ___ ______  states that during a _________________ reaction,
________ cannot be ___________ or ___________
2. The _________ amount of _______ always stays the __________ regardless of how many times it
undergoes ________________ change
*3. _____________________  in chemistry means stays the ________
*4. ________ can __________ be _____________ or _______________; the atoms of the matter can be
__________________, but their _______________ always remain _____________
*5. In other words, the amount of ___________ during a _______________ reaction does ____ change,
so the total _______ of the _________________ (the original substances) must _________ the total
________ of the _________________ (the ______ substances)
*H. Balancing Chemical Equations (also known as “________________________”)
*1. For a chemical _____________ to be _____________, both the ____________ (left side of equation)
and _______________ (right side of equation) sides ________ contain the same ____________ and
the same ______________ of _________ per element validating the Law of Conservation of Mass
*2. (e.g.)
C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Read as:
“__” molecule of ___________ _____________ with “__” ______________ molecules of ___________ gas
which _________ “__” ______________ of __________ __________ ____ “__” _____________ of ________
Balancing the equation: C3H8 + 5 O2  3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Reactants (original substances):
Elements:
Number of atoms/element:
__
=
__

Products (new substances):
Elements:
Number of atoms/element:
__
=
__
__
=
__
__
=
__
__
=
__
__
=
(__ + __)
__
*3. (e.g.)
2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O  2 H2 SO4
Read as:
“__” ____________ of _________ dioxide ___________ with “__” ___________ molecule of _________ gas
which __________ with “__” ____________ of _______ that ________ “__” _____________ of sulfuric acid
Balancing the equation: 2 SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O  2 H2 SO4
Reactants:
Elements:
__
=
__
=
__
=
Products:
Elements:
__
=
Number of atoms/element:
__
__
__
=
__
__
__
=
__
Number of atoms/element:
__
(__ + __ + __)