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AHS Introductory Physics
MCAS Review Packet #3: Heat and Thermal Energy
1.) A student in a laboratory transfers a
beaker containing a hot solution from the
lab table to a cool water bath. Which of the
following parts of the system experiences
an increase in heat energy?
A. beaker
B. lab table
C. solution
D. water bath
3.) On a hot day, Jenny walked home from
the grocery store with a bag of chocolate
chips. When she arrived home the chocolate
chips had melted in the bag. Why did the
chocolate chips melt?
2.) A container is filled with 100 mL of
water and placed in a freezer. The water in
the container freezes at 0°C. A second
container filled with 90 mL of water is
placed in a second freezer. At what
temperature does this second container of
water freeze?
A. -10°C
B. 1°C
C. 0°C
D. 10°C
4.) A flowing stream contains water at 18ºC.
Cans of soft drinks at 28ºC are lowered into
the stream. Which of the following will most
likely occur?
A. Heat transferred from the chocolate
chips to the bag.
B. Heat evaporated from the bag to the
chocolate chips.
C. Heat transferred from the environment
to the chocolate chips.
D. Heat condensed from her hand to the
Chocolate chips
A. The soft drink cans will absorb cold
energy from the stream’s water.
B. The cans will cool until their temperature
is the same as the stream’s.
C. The temperature of the soft drinks will
not change since the cans are sealed.
D. The temperature of the cans will
decrease to freezing as long as the stream
is flowing.
5.) If 1 kg of the compound toluene melts at
–95°C, then 500 g of toluene will
6.) Which of the following is an example of
heat transfer by conduction?
A. melt at –47.5°C.
B. melt at –95°C.
C. boil at 95°C.
D. boil at 47.5°C.
A. a whole metal spoon getting hot when one
end is in hot soup
B. the inside of a car in the sun getting very
hot
C. a tar road getting hotter in the sun than
a concrete sidewalk
D. a fireplace fire heating a room on a cold
day
7.) Four containers of water with different
temperatures are placed on a table as shown
below. The temperature of the room is
25°C.
8.) In Colonial America, people used ice to
help keep foods fresh. They cut the ice
from lakes and ponds during the winter and
stored the ice in icehouses. They sometimes
used hay as an insulator to prevent the ice
from melting. If you wanted to build an
icehouse today, which of the following would
be the best material to use as an insulator?
A. dried leaves
B. foam blocks
C. plastic wrap
D. rock salt
After four hours, which beaker of water
will have exchanged the most heat energy
with the environment?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
9.) If enough heat is taken away from a
container of water, what will happen to the
water?
10.) In a copper wire, a temperature
increase is the result of which of the
following?
A. It will begin to boil.
B. It will become a solid.
C. It will turn into a gas.
D. It will increase in weight.
A. an increase in the size of the copper
particles
B. a decrease in the mass of the copper
particles
C. an increase in the motion of the copper
particles
D. a decrease in the distance between the
copper particles
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11.) The masses and specific heats of some
samples of liquids are shown in the table
below.
Samples
Mass
Specific Heat
(kg)
Capacity
(J/kg*K)
Water
.750
4200
Glycerin
.750
2400
Methanol
.750
2500
Cooking oil
.750
2100
The temperature of which sample will rise
most when 1000 J of heat is added?
A. water
B. glycerin
C. methanol
D. cooking oil
12.) The illustration below shows a student
bending a piece of wire back and forth at a
single point X. The wire’s temperature rises
noticeably at point X.
13.) Perfume sprayed from a bottle spreads
more easily in a warm room of 25°C than in a
cool room of 15°C. Which of the following
correctly compares perfume molecules at
25°C to those at 15°C?
14.) The diagram below represents four
empty copper containers at room
temperature.
Which of the following best describes the
source of the temperature increase?
A. Some of the wire’s mass is transformed
into heat energy as the wire is bent.
B. Some of the kinetic energy is
transformed into heat as the wire is bent.
C. The bending transfers potential energy
to the wire, heating it.
D. The bending causes a current that heats
the wire.
A. At 25°C, they have more mass.
B. At 25°C, they are moving faster.
C. At 25°C, they have less kinetic energy.
D. At 25°C, they are decreasing in volume.
An equal amount of water at 90°C is added
to each copper container. Assume there is
no loss of heat to the environment. Which
container will have had the greatest change
in temperature when the water and the
container reach equilibrium?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
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15.) Which of the following changes occurs
as a solid is heated?
16.) A recycling plant manager needs to melt
1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire
manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its
melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a
specific heat of 385 J/kg • K.
How much heat is required to raise the
temperature of the copper to its melting
point?
A. The kinetic energy of the solid
decreases.
B. The average density of the solid
increases.
C. The specific heat capacity of the solid
decreases.
D. The average molecular speed in the solid
increases.
A. 6.2 • 108 J
B. 6.3 • 108 J
C. 7.7 • 108 J
D. 7.9 • 108 J
17.) The instructions below outline the procedure for a demonstration.
Materials: four 100 g metal blocks, each of a different metal, four polystyrene
foam cups, each containing 150 g of 10°C water
Procedure:
1. Place the four cups of water next to each other on the lab bench.
2. Heat each block to a temperature of 60°C.
3. Place each heated block in a separate cup of 10°C water.
4. Measure the temperature change in each cup of water after 100 s.
At the end of the demonstration, which block raised the temperature of the 10°C water
the greatest amount?
A. the block with the greatest density
B. the block with the lowest surface area
C. the block with the greatest specific heat
D. the block with the lowest thermal conductivity
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18.) The graph below represents changes in
molecular motion in a solid plastic cylinder
over time
19.) Two boxes, A and B, both contain the
same number of nitrogen gas molecules.
The gas molecules in box A have twice the
average speed of the molecules in box B.
Which of the following best describes the
nitrogen gas in box A?
A. The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater
mass than the nitrogen gas in box B.
B. The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater
density than the nitrogen gas in box B.
C. The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater
temperature than the nitrogen gas in box B.
D. The nitrogen gas in box A has a greater
specific gravity than the nitrogen gas in box
B.
These changes in the molecules of the
plastic cylinder must be accompanied by
which of the following?
A. an increase in mass
B. a decrease in volume
C. an increase in temperature
D. a decrease in heat capacity
20.) A 10 g sample of aluminum and a 10 g
sample of iron were each heated by 100
joules of energy. The temperature of the
aluminum sample rose 11˚C, while the
temperature of the iron sample increased
23˚C.
21.) A party shop delivers helium-filled
balloons to homes and businesses. The
owners realize from experience that on hot
summer days they should inflate the
balloons only three-quarters full. On cold
winter days they can fully inflate the
balloons. Which of the following is the best
hypothesis to explain this observation?
Which statement best accounts for these
results?
A. The helium gas is more active in the
A. Iron is twice as dense as aluminum.
winter season.
B. Atoms of aluminum are smaller than
B. Air outside the balloons leaks into the
atoms of iron.
balloons.
C. Using equal masses results in similar heat C. As the temperature increases, the helium
capacities.
in the balloons expands.
D. The specific heat of iron is less than that D. Outdoor air pressure in the summer is
of aluminum.
less than indoor air pressure
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22.) The illustration below represents an experiment in which a hot object is added to a
container of water at room temperature.
The water is continuously stirred while the hot object is immersed in it. Which of the
following graphs best shows the temperature changes that follow?
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23.) Which of the following figures correctly shows the conduction of heat within the
system of metal blocks?
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24. Measurements inside a sealed container
show that the pressure exerted by a gas
increases as the thermal energy of the gas
increases.
25. A heated rock is placed in a container of
water that is cooler than room temperature.
Which of the following statements best
describes what happens?
Which of the following best explains this
pressure increase?
A. Cold is removed from the container of
water until the rock, the container, and the
water all reach the same final temperature.
A. The gas molecules stick to the walls of
the container.
B. The heated rock loses heat to the
container of water until the rock, the
container, and the water all reach the same
final temperature.
B. The gas molecules radiate energy in the
form of nuclear particles.
C. The gas molecules begin to bond together
into heavier molecules.
C. The heated rock loses heat to the
container of water until the rock, the
container, and the water each reach a
different final temperature.
D. The gas molecules move faster and strike
the container walls more frequently.
D. Cold is removed from the container of
water until the rock, the container, and the
water each reach a final temperature lower
than their original temperatures.
26. A window washer noticed that, from the
same distance and with no breeze, the smell
of ammonia glass cleaner reached him
faster on a hot day (30°C) than on a cold
day (5°C). Which of the following explains
this observation?
A. Molecules expand at higher
temperatures.
B. Molecules move more rapidly at higher
temperatures.
C. The convection currents carry molecules
at higher temperatures.
D. The chemical reaction of molecules
increases at higher temperatures.
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27. A student hypothesizes that the mass of a substance affects how the temperature of
the substance changes when it is heated. The student uses the following procedure to test
the hypothesis.
• Each sample is initially at room temperature before heating.
• Each sample is heated for the same amount of time with the same heat source.
• The final temperature is measured for each sample.
Which of the following would be the best way to select the samples for testing the
student’s hypothesis?
A. Obtain samples of one substance, each with the same mass.
B. Obtain samples of one substance, each with a different mass.
C. Obtain samples of different substances, each with the same mass.
D. Obtain samples of different substances, each with a different mass.
Practice: Open-response question #1
BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations)
If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
A cook notices a teakettle full of water on a stove. There is a cold window close to the
spout of the kettle. The water begins to boil and water droplets begin to form on the
window.
a. Describe in detail what is happening to the water inside the kettle.
b. Why do the water droplets form on the window? Be sure to explain in detail.
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Practice: Open-response Question #2
BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations)
If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
1. The table below shows initial data from a laboratory demonstration.
In the demonstration, a heated 0.06 kg copper pipe was dropped into a beaker of water.
Students in the class were asked to predict the final temperature of the beaker of water
when it reached equilibrium with the copper pipe.
a. If this demonstration took place in a closed insulated beaker, instead of in an open
beaker, what would be the relationship between the heat lost by the copper and the
heat gained by the water and glass?
b. Which material in the table above requires the most heat for a given change in
temperature?
c. The students found that the measured temperature was lower than they predicted.
How would the students best explain this difference from the predicted
temperature?
d. Assume a heated 0.12 kg copper pipe was used instead of the given pipe. How would
this change affect the final temperatures of the water and of the glass beaker?
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Practice: Open-response Question #3
BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations)
If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
The illustration below shows a container of water on an electric hot plate. Point A is in the
water close to the hot plate, and point B is in the water near the top of the container.
The water in the container is at room temperature before the hot plate is turned on.
a. Describe the differences in the average motion of the water molecules at point A
and at point B shortly after the hot plate is turned on.
b. The water is heated until a thermometer placed in the center of the container
reaches 100°C. Compare the average motion of the water molecules at points A and
B at this temperature and explain your answer.
c. The hot plate is then turned off. Describe the average motion of the molecules at
points A and B after several hours.
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Practice: Open-response Question #4
BE SURE TO ANSWER AND LABEL ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION.
Show all your work (diagrams, tables, or computations)
If you do the work in your head, explain in writing how you did the work.
In an experiment, liquid 1 is at room temperature (21°C) and liquid 2 has been heated until
it is warmer than room temperature. A student takes equal amounts of liquid 1 and liquid 2
and mixes them together in a beaker.
a. Compare the initial temperatures of liquid 1 and liquid 2 with the temperature of the
mixture in the beaker at each of the following times:
• 5 minutes after mixing
• 2 hours after mixing
b. Describe the transfer of heat energy between the two liquids in the beaker.
c. Identify one other possible heat energy transfer in this experiment.
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