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Homework #4 SUR 110 Name: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________________________ Define the Following Terms: 1) CPU: __________________________________________________________________ 2) Dispersive Electrode: for return of current __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3) Electrons: a stable negatively charged elementary particle with a small mass that is a fundamental constituent of matter and orbits the nucleus of an atom __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4) Atoms: the smallest portion into which an element can be divided and still retain its properties, made up of a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5) Element: chemistry any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler one by a chemical reaction. Elements consist of atoms with the same number of protons in their nuclei, and 92 occur naturally on Earth __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 6) Generator: a machine or device that is used to convert mechanical energy, such as that provided by the combustion of fuel or by wind or water, into electricity __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 7) Voltage: electric potential expressed in volts __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 8) Free Electrons: an electron that is not bonded to an atom or molecule and so is free to move under external electric or magnetic fields __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 9) Inertia: physics the property of a body by which it remains at rest or continues moving in a straight line unless acted upon by a directional force __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 10) Load: electricity the amount of electrical power that is drawn from a line or source __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 11) Mass: physics the property of an object that is a measure of its inertia, the amount of matter it contains, and its influence in a gravitational field. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 12) Articulated: made up of two or more sections connected by a joint that can pivot __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 13) Degrees of Rotation: The degrees of rotation a robot arm moves around it’s axis. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 14) Degrees of Freedom: In an unconstrained dynamic or other system, the number of independent variables required to specify completely the state of the system at a given moment. A.K.A. how many ways a robotic arm can move __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 15) Manipulators: robot arms; to move, operate, or handle something, especially a machine or mechanical parts __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 16) Binaural Hearing: relating to both ears or the perception of sound by both ears __________________________________________________________________ 17) Telechir: to remotely control a robot __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 18) Sensitivity: the ability to detect light __________________________________________________________________ 19) Force: physics a physical influence that tends to change the position of an object with mass, equal to the rate of change in momentum of the object. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 20) Velocity: the rate of change in the position of an object as it moves in a particular direction __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 21) Mechanics: the branch of physics and mathematics that deals with the effect of energy and forces on systems __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 22) Kinematics: a branch of physics that deals with the motion of a body or system without reference to force and mass __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 23) Dynamics: physics the branch of mechanics that deals with motion and the way in which forces produce motion __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 24) Position: the place where somebody or something is, especially in relation to other things __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 25) Displacement: the amount of fluid such as water that is forced to move by an object floating on or submerged in it, often used as a measure of a ship's size; the movement of something from its usual or correct place __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 26) Speed: rate of movement irrespective of direction. It is equal either to distance traveled divided by travel time, or to rate of change of distance with respect to time. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 27) Gravity: the attraction due to gravitation that the Earth or another astronomical object exerts on an object on or near its surface __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 28) Newton’s First Law: Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless it is made to change its state by the action of an external force. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 29) Newton’s Second Law: Force is equal to acceleration produced in unit mass.” __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 30) Newton’s Third Law: The law of action and reaction or opposing forces). For every force there is an equal and opposite force __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 31) Work: the physical or mental effort directed at doing or making something __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 32) Potential Energy: the energy that a body or system has stored because of its position in an electric, magnetic, or gravitational field, or because of its configuration. Symbol VE __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 33) Hooke’s Law: The restoring force on an object is directly proportional to the displacement of the object from its equilibrium position __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 34) Boyle’s Law: The Pressure–Volume Relationship—For a given amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume and pressure are inversely proportional __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 35) Temperature: the degree of heat as an inherent quality of objects expressed as hotness or coldness relative to something else __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 36) Conduction: the passage of energy, particularly heat or electricity, through something __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 37) Convection: circulatory movement in a liquid or gas, resulting from regions of different temperatures and different densities rising and falling in response to gravity __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 38) Radiation: energy emitted in the form of particles by substances such as uranium and plutonium, whose atoms are not stable and are spontaneously decaying. This energy can be converted into electric power, but it can also cause severe or fatal health problems to people who are exposed to it. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 39) Simple Harmonic Motion: refers to the periodic motion of an object acting under the influence of a linear restoring force. The motion is characterized by an oscillation about an equilibrium position such that the acceleration vector of the object is constantly changing, always directed toward its equilibrium position, and directly proportional to its displacement from equilibrium. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 40) Doppler Effect: a perceived change in the frequency of a wave as the distance between the source and the observer changes. For example, the sound of a siren on a moving vehicle appears to change as it approaches and passes an observer. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________