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Transcript
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Farah Zakiyah Rahmanti 2014 Overview • • • • • Definition History AI & Human Brain Subdisciplines of AI Soft Computing Definition (1) • Generally associated with Computer Science which deals with helping machine/computer in order to have the ability to think, to consider the actions to be taken, and being able to make decisions like humans • A branch of computer science which discusses how the computer can do the job as good as humans Definition (2) Herbert Alexander Simon : • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is research area, application, and instructions are related to computer programming to do the things that viewed as intelligent Rich and Knight [1991] : • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a study of how to make computer do things as good as humans Encyclopedia Britannica : • Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that represents knowledge in symbols form rather than numbers and information process based on heuristic methods or by a number of rules History • [1950-1970] • The opening year for artificial intelligence, where scientists and researchers are beginning to think of a way for machine to perform the job as good as human beings. • Alan Turing, an English mathematician, the first people who proposed a test to see a machine can be said intelligent. The test results are known as Turing Test, in which the engine is posing as someone in a game that is able to provide a response to questions. Turing assumed that, if the machine can make a person believe that it is able to communicate with others, it can be said that the intelligent machine (like a human). AI & Human Brain AI Human Brain Permanent Y N Transferable Y N cheap expensive Consistent Y N Documentable Y N fast Not fast Creativity N Y Experience N Y Case-dependent Y N Cost Time-consuming Subdisciplines of AI • Artificial Intelligence can be divided into a number of subdisciplines, such as: • Expert System • Natural Language Processing • Speech Recognition • Robotic & Sensor System • Computer Vision • Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction • Game Playing Soft Computing (1) • Set of computational techniques in computer science, which trying to study, model, and analyze a particular phenomenon in order to exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, and partial truth to be solved easily, robustness, and low solution cost. Soft Computing (2) Method in Soft Computing : • Fuzzy Logic • Artificial Neural Network • Probabilistic Reasoning • Evolutionary Computation • Genetic Algorithm Assignment 1. Do you think that AI is important for human beings? Please explain and give the example! 2. What is meant by smart, genius, and intelligent? Please explain and give the example! 3. Please specify the other AI commercial application! 4. What is soft computing? Please explain and give the example! 5. Please give the example of problems which are difficult to solve by conventional computing methods, but can be solved using soft computing! 6. What is High Machine Intelligence Quotient (HMIQ) ? Please explain and give the example! Reference • T. Sutojo, Edy Mulyanto, Vincent Suhartono, “Kecerdasan Buatan”, 2011.