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Plant Physiology Unit 16 Agriscience ______________ The study of how plant organs functions and the complex chemical processes the permit the plant to live, grow and reproduce. I. Photosynthesis equation of life A. _________________ - green material that captures solar energy. B. _______________ - membrane bound bodies in mesophyll of leaf. Contains chlorophyll. C. Process 1. Materials needed a. ______________ dioxide b. __________ c. ___________ energy d. _____________ 2. Materials produced a. ___________ b. ___________ c. ___________ d. 6 Co2 + 12H2O------------C6H12O6 +6O2+6H2O 3. Influenced by a. ___________ intensity – amount and type of light (clouds, pollution) b. ______________ 65 to 85 degree F is the best c. _____ availability (greenhouse) II. Respiration – usage of food A. Occurs in _______ B. Process 1. Materials needed a. ______________ b. ______________ 2. Materials produced a. Carbon _____________ b. ______________ c. ______________ III. Transpiration – use of water A. Functions of water 1. ______________ material up and down in the plant 2. _____________ by evaporation 3. Maintaining _________ - stiffened condition of stem that keeps plant upright. a. Loss of water causes a plant to _________. B. Functions of transpiration 1. Evaporation of water ____________ atmospheric gases through leaf stoma –need oxygen and carbon dioxide. 2. Guard cells control size of stoma and amount of ____________ 3. This process also moves minerals up the plant by the _______ strength of water. IV. Soil – provides air, water, and minerals for the roots. A. Pores between soil particles contain either ____ or _______. B. _________ - movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a _______________ membrane. 1. The root must be able to _____________ through the soil. V. Air – concentration A. ____________ and carbon dioxide VI. VII. VIII. IX. B. ____________ may affect the growth of plants Water A. Supply 1. _____________ - no air between soil particles 2. _______________ - not enough for plant to keep from wilting. Plant nutrition – elements needed by plants A. _____________ - need 16 for growth 1. Needed in large amounts - _____, ______, _____ (symbols) 2. Macronutrients a. ___________ - N, P, K b. Secondary - ____, ____, ____ 3. Micronutrients – B, Cu, Cl, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn __ ___________ _______ __ (B, Cu, Cl, Mn, Mo, Zn) B. Ions – charged particles 1. Affect the ______ of some nutrients because of __________ in the soil tying them up. C. Acidity and alkalinity – soil PH 1. ____ PH – high in _____ ions and have a ______ charge. a. Affects the uptake of some nutrients because they attract positive charges. b. Rise by adding ____________ 2. _______ PH – high in ___________ soil ions a. May tie up _________ soil ions b. Lower PH by adding ____________ or ___________ Nutrient Functions A. ________________ - easily leached, causes green color. 1. Lack – chlorosis yellowing of leaves B. _____________ - causes good root systems 1. Lack – reduced growth C. _______________ - can be leached can affect N uptake. 1. Lack – marginal burn or scorch D. _____________ - can be leached usually not a problem 1. Lack – may affect bud growth E. __________________ - can be leached 1. Lack may cause marginal chlorosis F. _______________ - seldom deficient 1. Lack may cause yellowing of whole plant. Food storage – surplus food production A. ______________ - sugars and carbohydrates transported down. 1. Root crops (sugar beets) B. ___________ Tubers (potatoes), corms, rhizomes C. ___________ food storage for embryo can be used by animals for food