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Plant Physiology
Unit 16 Agriscience
______________ The study of how plant organs functions and the complex chemical processes the permit
the plant to live, grow and reproduce.
I.
Photosynthesis equation of life
A. _________________ - green material that captures solar energy.
B. _______________ - membrane bound bodies in mesophyll of leaf. Contains chlorophyll.
C. Process
1. Materials needed
a. ______________ dioxide
b. __________
c. ___________ energy
d. _____________
2. Materials produced
a. ___________
b. ___________
c. ___________
d. 6 Co2 + 12H2O------------C6H12O6 +6O2+6H2O
3. Influenced by
a. ___________ intensity – amount and type of light (clouds, pollution)
b. ______________ 65 to 85 degree F is the best
c. _____ availability (greenhouse)
II.
Respiration – usage of food
A. Occurs in _______
B. Process
1. Materials needed
a. ______________
b. ______________
2. Materials produced
a. Carbon _____________
b. ______________
c. ______________
III.
Transpiration – use of water
A. Functions of water
1. ______________ material up and down in the plant
2. _____________ by evaporation
3. Maintaining _________ - stiffened condition of stem that keeps plant upright.
a. Loss of water causes a plant to _________.
B. Functions of transpiration
1. Evaporation of water ____________ atmospheric gases through leaf stoma –need
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
2. Guard cells control size of stoma and amount of ____________
3. This process also moves minerals up the plant by the _______ strength of water.
IV.
Soil – provides air, water, and minerals for the roots.
A. Pores between soil particles contain either ____ or _______.
B. _________ - movement of material from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration through a _______________ membrane.
1. The root must be able to _____________ through the soil.
V.
Air – concentration
A. ____________ and carbon dioxide
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
B. ____________ may affect the growth of plants
Water
A. Supply
1. _____________ - no air between soil particles
2. _______________ - not enough for plant to keep from wilting.
Plant nutrition – elements needed by plants
A. _____________ - need 16 for growth
1. Needed in large amounts - _____, ______, _____ (symbols)
2. Macronutrients
a. ___________ - N, P, K
b. Secondary - ____, ____, ____
3. Micronutrients – B, Cu, Cl, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn
__ ___________ _______ __ (B, Cu, Cl, Mn, Mo, Zn)
B. Ions – charged particles
1. Affect the ______ of some nutrients because of __________ in the soil tying them
up.
C. Acidity and alkalinity – soil PH
1. ____ PH – high in _____ ions and have a ______ charge.
a. Affects the uptake of some nutrients because they attract positive charges.
b. Rise by adding ____________
2. _______ PH – high in ___________ soil ions
a. May tie up _________ soil ions
b. Lower PH by adding ____________ or ___________
Nutrient Functions
A. ________________ - easily leached, causes green color.
1. Lack – chlorosis yellowing of leaves
B. _____________ - causes good root systems
1. Lack – reduced growth
C. _______________ - can be leached can affect N uptake.
1. Lack – marginal burn or scorch
D. _____________ - can be leached usually not a problem
1. Lack – may affect bud growth
E. __________________ - can be leached
1. Lack may cause marginal chlorosis
F. _______________ - seldom deficient
1. Lack may cause yellowing of whole plant.
Food storage – surplus food production
A. ______________ - sugars and carbohydrates transported down.
1. Root crops (sugar beets)
B. ___________ Tubers (potatoes), corms, rhizomes
C. ___________ food storage for embryo can be used by animals for food