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Origin and Formation of the Universe Notes Integrated Science 2 Name: Period: I. Formation of the Universe A. The Big Bang Theory – The theory that the universe began as a ________________ (singularity) and has been ______________________________________________. The universe was originally made entirely of _________________, and was very small Something happened to cause the energy to expand – the “___________________” As the energy expanded in all directions, it began to _____________ and ____________ into the simplest forms of matter (protons, electrons) Remember Einstein’s famous equation? _____________________ ______________ (E) can be converted into _______________ (M) All of the matter in the universe now was once a _____________________________________! II. Evidence for Big Bang A. Background Radiation 1. In _______________, scientists discovered ________________ interfering with radio antennae, causing ______________________________________. 2. That radiation is called _______________________________________ and is thought to be radiation from the ________________________. 3. This radiation can be detected by common ________________ and __________________ antennae. (ex: ______________ on old televisions is made up of a small percent of radiation from the big bang) Draw the Electromagnetic Spectrum here: B. Red Shift 1. Astronomers observed the “ ____________________” of light throughout the universe. 2. This redness is the result of light being ______________________ as objects in the universe move _____________ from each other (the result of the big bang). What is the Doppler effect? -- Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave (such as a ________ wave) when it is observed relative to a moving ___________ (like a car) --Light waves can also experience Doppler Effect when the source of the light (such as a ________) is moving --Astronomers observed that light from distant stars has been shifted towards the red end of the light spectrum. --This phenomenon is called ____________________________ --The farther away a star is, the more its light is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, demonstrating that the universe is expanding…. * Label the four sources of light in the diagram to the right. III. Previous Theory on the Formation of the Universe The Steady State Theory – The belief that the universe ___________________________________________________ but more matter is added to the universe as it ___________________________. 1. Popular during the _____________ and _____________. 2. The universe had _______________________________ and has _________________.