Download Disease-causing agents such as viruses, bacteria, and protists are

Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________ Period ________
Unit 2 Exam
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the response that best answers the question or completes the statement.
1. Disease-causing agents such as viruses,
bacteria, and protists are known as
a. Antibodies
b. Antigens
c. Pathogens
d. Toxins
2. This type of pathogen infects the host by
hijacking the cells. It can not live outside of
the host’s cells.
a. Bacteria
b. Virus
c. Protist
d. Fungus
3. How are infectious diseases spread?
a. through coughing, sneezing, or
physical contact
b. through contaminated water and food
c. by infected animals
d. all of the above
4. The mode of disease transmission that can be
prevented by washing your hands or covering
your mouth when you cough or sneeze is
called
a. Infected animals
b. Physical contact
c. Contaminated food/water
d. None of the above
5. The body’s most important nonspecific
defense system against pathogens is
a. Tears
b. Mucus
c. Saliva
d. Skin
6. Your skin is constantly exposed to bacteria and
viruses from the air, water, food, and surfaces
you come into contact with. The principle
(main) reason you are not constantly affected
by these pathogens is because
a. Phagocytes immediately find them and
digest them.
b. Antibodies immediately destroy them
on contact.
c. Your body is immune to all of them
already.
d. The skin and secretions from your
body trap and prevent them from
entering the body.
7. Why does a cut in the skin threaten the body’s
nonspecific defenses against disease?
a. If a cut bleeds, disease-fighting
phagocytes escape from the body.
b. A cut prevents the inflammatory
response from occurring.
c. A cut provides an entryway into the
body for pathogens.
d. A cut disables humoral immunity.
8. A nonspecific defense reaction to tissue
damage caused by injury or infection is known
as
a. The inflammatory response
b. Active immunity
c. Cell-mediate immunity
d. Passive immunity
9. The body’s nonspecific defenses against
invading pathogens include
a. Antibiotics
b. Mucus, sweat, and tears
c. Antibodies
d. White blood cells
10. A substance that triggers an immune response
(like an incorrect ID) is a(an)
a. Antibody
b. Antigen
c. B cell
d. Pathogen
11. What is the function of white blood cells
(phagocytes)?
a. They engulf and destroy bacteria.
b. The produce antibodies.
c. They form a barrier against pathogens.
d. They bind to antigens and develop into
plasma cells.
12. Physician Edward Jenner injected a boy with
fluid from the mild disease cowpox, in hopes
that the boy would become immune to the
more serious disease smallpox. Later, he
injected the same boy with fluid from a
smallpox infection, but the boy did not get
sick; the experiment was a success. The
injection of a weakened pathogen to produce
immunity is known as
a. An allergic reaction
b. A vaccination
c. A transplant
d. Passive immunity
13. How does vaccination protect the body against
disease?
a. It suppresses the action of antigens.
b. In prevents pathogens from entering
the body.
c. It stimulates the production of killer T
cells.
d. It helps your body learn how to fight
off a pathogen, before it is exposed to
the real one.
14. The following are players in your specific
immune system:
a. Antibodies, plasma cells, and white
blood cells.
b. Antibodies, fever, and memory B
cells.
c. Inflammation, fever, and antibodies.
d. Secretions, inflammation, and skin.
15. The HIV virus is especially dangerous to
humans because
a. It is always transmitted through
intravenous drug use.
b. It attacks and destroys cells of the
immune system.
c. It destroys antibodies.
d. It does not respond to antibiotics.
16. People with AIDS often die from the common
cold or pneumonia. Based upon that
information, the most probable explanation for
this is that
a. Pathogens that cause the common cold
and pneumonia have recently become
more lethal.
b. The common cold and pneumonia are
highly contagious and easily
contracted.
c. AIDS destroys you nonspecific
defenses, allowing pathogens for those
illnesses to enter your body.
d. A person with AIDS has a shortage of
white blood cells and helper T cells
which would normally fight such
pathogens.
17. Which of the following lists the levels of cell
organization from least to most complex?
a. Organs, cells, organ systems, tissues
b. Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
c. Tissues, organs, organ systems, cells
d. Cells, organs, organ systems, tissues
18. The way the body maintains homeostasis is
often compared to
a. A violent thunderstorm that startles
people and increases heartbeat.
b. A heating system that turns a furnace
on and off to control a room’s
temperature.
c. The monthly cycle that releases an egg
from an ovary.
d. The period of human development that
takes about nine months to be
completed.
19. Which process enables the body to maintain a
stable temperature?
a. Circulation
b. Negative feedback
c. Respiration
d. Positive feedback
20. Which of the following is NOT a part of the
circulatory system?
a. Heart
b. Lungs
c. Blood vessels
d. Blood
21. The function of the circulatory system is to
a. Provide oxygen and remove excess
carbon dioxide from the body.
b. Bring nutrients and hormones to cells.
c. Transport cell waste for removal.
d. All of the above.
22. Which body system works with the circulatory
system to regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide
levels in the body?
a. Respiratory system
b. Nervous system
c. Excretory system
d. Digestive system
23. Which body system works with the circulatory
system to transport waste from cells, to the
bladder for removal from the body?
a. Respiratory system
b. Endocrine system
c. Excretory system
d. Integumentary system
24. Which system works with the circulatory
system to transport nutrients form the
intestines, to the other cells in the body?
a. Nervous system
b. Endocrine system
c. Excretory system
d. Digestive system
25. The endocrine system
a. Affects only the reproductive system.
b. Releases hormones into the blood
stream.
c. Competes with the nervous system.
d. Removes waste from the body.
28. When fat cells start to fill up with storage
reserves
a. Leptin concentration decreases,
causing the appetite center in the brain
to start the hunger stimulus.
b. Leptin is released and binds to the
appetite center of the brain, turning off
appetite.
c. Leptin is unable to bind to the appetite
center of the hypothalamus continuing
the hunger stimulus.
d. Too much leptin is release, giving the
feeling of being over-full.
29. People who are obese often lack
a. The will power to stop eating.
b. The hormone leptin.
c. The appetite center of the
hypothalamus.
d. Receptors for leptin to bind to.
30. Obesity is often due to
a. Genetics
b. Life-style choices
c. Environment
d. All of the above
31. What is the smallest structural and functional
unit of the nervous system?
a. Receptor
b. Neuron
c. Organ
d. Tissue
Use the picture below to answer questions 32 and 33.
A
26. The region of the brain that recognizes hunger
is the
a. Brain stem.
b. Medulla oblongata.
c. Hypothalamus.
d. Thalamus.
27. The hormone that controls appetite is
a. Leptin
b. Pepsin
c. Adrenaline
d. Estrogen
H
C
F
G
D
E
B
32. What is the name of the structure labeled C?
a. Axon
b. Dendrite
c. Myelin Sheath
d. Cell Body
33. What is the function of the structure labeled
D?
a. To transmit impulses from one neuron
to the next.
b. To regulate neuron activity.
c. To insulate the neuron in order to be
able to transmit impulses.
d. None of the above.
34. The messages that travel through the nervous
system are called impulses. What type of
signals are those impulses?
a. Gravitational
b. Electrical
c. Light
d. Magnetic
35. The function of a motor neuron is to
a. Carry impulses from the brain and
spinal cord, to the muscles and glands.
b. Carry impulses from the muscles and
glands to the brain and spinal cord.
c. Transmit impulses within the brain
only.
d. Pick up information from the
environment and relay it to the brain.
36. Grabbing and quickly dropping a object that is
very hot is a behavior known as
a. An instinct.
b. Imprinting.
c. A reflex.
d. Conditioning.
_________________________________________
Use the following diagram to answer question 37.
_________________________________________
Sensory
Neuron
Sensory Receptor
Motor
Neuron
Muscle Cell
37. Which of the following is the correct pathway
in a reflex arc?
a. Muscle cell, sensory receptor, motor
neuron, interneuron.
b. Sensory receptor, sensory neuron,
motor neuron, muscle cell.
c. Motor neuron, interneuron, muscle
cell, sensory receptor.
d. Sensory receptor, muscle cell, motor
neuron, sensory neuron.
38. The function of the sensory division of the
nervous system is to
a. Transmit impulses from the central
nervous system, to the muscles or
glands.
b. Transmit impulses from sense organs
(eyes, ears, nose, mouth, skin) to the
central nervous system.
c. Transmit impulses within the brain
only.
d. Transmit impulses between the brain
and spinal cord.
39. Two functions in the body that would be
controlled by the autonomous nervous system
would be
a. Moving the arms and legs.
b. Breathing and walking.
c. Regulating the heart and digestive
system.
d. Running.
40. What is the function of neurotransmitters?
a. To transmit nerve impulses through
dendrites.
b. To stimulate the production of
epinephrine.
c. To transmit nerve impulses across
synapses.
d. None of the above.
Name ______________________________________________ Date ____________________ Period ________
Unit 1: Reproving of Mastery
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the response that best answers the question or completes the statement.
41. Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from
prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells
a. are much smaller.
b. have permeable membranes.
c. have a higher rate of reproduction.
d. have a nucleus
42. All cells of green plants have
a. Cell membranes but no cell walls.
b. Cell walls but no cell membranes.
c. Cell walls and cell membranes.
d. Cell walls or cell membranes.
46. All of the following processes require the cell
to use energy EXCEPT
a. Endocytosis
b. Exocytosis
c. Active transport
d. Osmosis
Directions: Use the information given below to
answer question 7.
Cellular respiration: 6O2 + C6H12O6
6CO2 +
6H2O + energy
Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2
A
B
C
E
D
G
F
43. What is the function of the structure labeled C?
a. It stores water, salts, proteins, etc. for
the cell.
b. It produces most of the energy the cell
needs.
c. It controls most cell processes and
contains genetic information.
d. It produces proteins.
44. Studies of two different types of cell show that
Cell A has fewer mitochondria than Cell B. A
biologists would most likely infer that Cell A
a. Does not require energy.
b. Has an energy requirement equal to
those of Cell B.
c. Requires less energy than Cell B.
d. Requires more energy than Cell B.
45. Which of the following in NOT a
macromolecule?
a. Salt
b. Protein
c. Carbohydrate
d. Nucleic acid
47. Which of the following accurately describes
the relationship between cellular respiration
and photosynthesis?
a. The products of each provide the
reactants needed for the other.
b. The products of both reactions are the
same.
c. The reactants for one process are the
same as the reactants for the other.
d. There is no relationship between
photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
48. Enzymes are ___________________ that
catalyze chemical reactions within cells.
a. Vitamins
b. Proteins
c. Nucleic acids
d. Carbohydrates
49. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in cells
because they
a. Increase the activation energy of the
reaction.
b. Increase the amount of energy stored
in the products.
c. Decrease the activation energy of the
reaction.
d. Decrease the amount of energy stored
in the products.
50. The cell structure responsible for the
movement of substances into and out of the
cell is the
a. Cell wall.
b. Cell membrane.
c. Ribosome.
d. Nucleus.