Download Term Key Concept noun a word that names a person, place, thing

Nouns
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Term
Key Concept
noun
a word that names a person, place,
thing, or idea
compound noun
made up of two or more words used
together as a single noun
common noun
names any one of a group of persons,
places, things, or ideas
proper noun
names a particular person, place,
thing, or idea
*begins with a capital letter
concrete noun
names a person, place, or thing that
can be perceived by one or more of
the senses
abstract noun
names an idea, a feeling, a quality, or
a characteristic
collective noun
a word that names a group
Pronouns
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Term
Key Concept
pronoun
a word used in place
of one or more
nouns or pronouns
antecedent
the word that a
pronoun stands for
Examples
Pronoun-Antecedent Practice: Underline the pronouns and bold the
antecedents.
1. The passengers scrambled to find their luggage.
2. One salesperson shouted, “The brown bag belongs to me! It has my name
on it!”
personal
pronoun
refers to the one
speaking (first
person), the one
spoken to (second
person), or the one
spoken about (third
person)
intensive
pronoun
emphasizes a noun or
another pronoun
*Sentence still makes
sense without it
Singular
1st
2nd
3rd
Plural
reflexive
pronoun
refers to the subject
*Sentence meaning
changes without it
Practice: Underline each pronoun. After the sentence, identify each
pronoun as personal, reflexive, or intensive.
1. British explorer Sir Richard Burton himself wrote many books about his
adventures in Africa.
2. We watched the movie about Robert O’Hara Burke’s trip across Australia
in the 1800s.
3. Queen Isabella of Spain herself gave approval for the famous voyages of
Christopher Columbus.
4. Matthew Henson prided himself on being the first person actually to reach
the North Pole.
5. Lewis and Clark surely considered themselves lucky to have Sacagawea, a
Shoshone woman, as their guide.
demonstrative points out a person,
pronoun
place, thing, or idea
This that these those
Those pants are very cute!
*When used to
modify a noun or
pronoun, these
words are adjectives
interrogative
pronoun
a pronoun which
introduces a
question
What which who whom whose
*When used to
modify a noun or
pronoun, these
words are adjectives
relative
pronoun
introduces a
subordinate clause
indefinite
pronoun
refers to a person,
place, thing, or idea
That which who whom whose
that may or may not
be specifically
named
Practice: Underline each pronoun. After the sentence, identify each pronoun
as personal, reflexive, intensive, demonstrative, interrogative,
relative, or indefinite.
1. This is Tito Puente himself at the ceremony to install his star on
Hollywood’s Walk of Fame.
2. Many refer to him as the “King of Latin Music” or the “King of Salsa.”
3. Who is the woman kneeling beside him?
4. She is Celia Cruz, the Cuban salsa singer, and you can see for yourself
both of them are very happy and proud.
5. Everybody has heard of some of the entertainers honored on the Walk of
Fame.
j
Adjectives
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Term
Key Concept
Examples
adjective
modifies a noun or
pronoun
I have three quizzes today.
The pretty flowers smell lovely.
*answers the
questions “How
Those people are next in line.
many?,” “What
kind?,” or “Which
one?”
article
the most frequently
used adjectives
*A and AN refer to
any member of a
group; THE refers to
someone or
something in
particular
demonstrative
adjective
points out a noun or a This, that, these and those
pronoun
Please throw these papers away.
*These same words,
when they take the
place or a noun, are
called demonstrative
pronouns
proper adjective
an adjective formed
from a proper noun
Mexico- Mexican
Britain- British
*Begins with a capital
letter
America- Americanxxx
Practice: Underline the adjectives in the following sentences.
1. For eighty-four days, Santiago, an old Cuban fisherman, had not caught a
single fish.
2. Despite his bad luck, he remained hopeful.
3. On the eighty-fifth day, he caught a ten-pound albacore.
4. Soon after this catch, he hooked a huge marlin.
5. For nearly two days, the courageous fisherman struggled with the mighty
fish and finally harpooned it.
6. Exhausted but happy, Santiago sailed toward shore.
Verbs
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
verb
a word used to express action or a state of being
*Verbs are classified in three ways – (1) as helping or main verbs, (2) as
action or linking verbs, and (3) as transitive or intransitive verbs
TERM
KEY CONCEPT
EXAMPLES
helping verb
in a verb phrase,
helps the main verb
express action or
See p. 372 - forms of be, have, and
do are common
am is are was were be being been
state of being
do does did
had has have
can could may might must shall
should will would
main verb
in a verb phrase,
the main word
expressing action or
a state of being
In the verb phrase
VERBS AND VERB PHRASES PRACTICE
Helping verbs in bold!
1. Many people are earning their livings at unusual jobs.
2. Even today, people can find jobs as shepherds and candlestick makers.
3. Some people have been working as bike messengers.
4. You may have seen them as they were riding their bikes through town.
5. With a little imagination, anyone can find an unusual job.
action verb
a verb that
expresses physical
or mental action
linking verb
connects the subject See p. 375 - forms of be, sense
to a word or word
verbs are common
group that identifies
or describes the
Am is are was were be being been
subject
Mental Action:
To wish to understand to trust to
dream to remember to realize…
Appear grow seem stay become
look smell taste feel remain.
*Use = or form of
be to test!
ACTION AND LINKING VERBS PRACTICE
Linking
Action
1. Chili cook-offs appear popular with chili fans.
2. Chili peppers are important ingredients in Mexican cooking.
3. Chili varies from spicy to fiery hot.
4. You also find many recipes for chili without meat.
5. Chili powder smells wonderful to chili fans.
transitive verb
expresses an action
directed toward a
person, place, thing, Transitive verbs express action
or idea
directed toward a person, place,
thing, or idea.
*Ask “what?” or
“whom?” after the
Linking verbs are NEVER transitive
verb. If there is an
verbs
answer, the verb is
transitive
intransitive
verb
expresses action (or
tells something
about the subject)
without the action
passing to a
receiver
* Linking verbs are
always intransitive
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS PRACTICE
1. Margarita read her new book. -Tran
2. Tom is walking outside. - In
3. The boys left their notebooks in the room.- Tran
4. The boys left early from the party. -In
5. The boys left in a hurry.- Intransitive
6. Molly left her dog in the park.
Adverbs
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Key Concept
a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Adverb Examples
When?
Where?
Louis PROMPTLY rounded up
The said the forest fire started HERE.
suspects.
THEN several suspects were
questioned.
The couple was married NEARBY.
How?
To what extent?
The accident occurred
SUDDENLY.
The prime minister spoke
CAREFULLY.
Ms. Kwan was QUITE proud of the girls
debate team.
She has SCARCELY begun the math
lesson.
Modifying verbs
Adverbs may before or after the words they
modify
Add verbs may come between the parts of verb
phrases.
Modifying adjectives
Modifying adverbs
Find the Adverbs and the Words They Modify
1. We traveled there by train.
2. Handle the kittens carefully.
3. The tiny sailboat traveled far.
4. Yesterday, I could not see the problem clearly.
5. When was the Parthenon built?
6. The submarine drove rather slowly.
7. The team is extremely proud of its record.
Prepositions
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Term
Key Concept
Examples
preposition
a word that shows
the relationship of
a noun or pronoun
(called the object
of the preposition)
See chart on p. 386-387
about, among, above, across, after,
against, around, at, before, behind,
below, beneath, beside, besides,
between, beyond, by, down,
to another word
during, , ne except, for, from, in,
inside, into, like ar, of, off, on, out,
outside, over, since, through,
throughout, to, toward, under,
until, up, upon, with, without,
according to, because of, in
addition to, in front of, in spite of,
instead of, on account of, out of
object of the
preposition
the noun or
pronoun which
follows a
preposition and is
related by the
preposition to
another word
prepositional
phrase
a phrase which
begins with a
preposition and
ends with the obj.
of the preposition;
also may contain
modifiers
**Phrases that
contain verbs (“to
run”) are NOT
prepositional
phrases
Practice: Underline each prepositional phrase. Bold the object of the
preposition.
1. The man stops for lunch and builds his first fire.
2. The man breaks through the ice and becomes wet halfway to the knees.
3. The fire is put out by snow that falls from a tree.
4. As the man realizes he might be freezing to death, he runs in panic and
fear.
5. The dog runs toward the other men.
Conjunctions
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM
Term
Key Concept
conjunction
a word used to
join words or
groups of words
coordinating
conjunction
joins words or
groups of words
that are used in
the same way
correlative
conjunction
pairs of
conjunctions that
join words or
groups of words
that are used in
the same way
Examples
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
Practice: Underline each conjunction. After the sentence, write which type
it is.
1. “You can’t just wake up in the morning and say you don’t care what the
rest of the world thinks,” said Leo.
2. Both Leo and Stargirl are shunned by the students at Mica Area High
School.
3. Leo likes Stargirl, but he doesn’t know what to do about it.
4. Neither Leo nor Kevin was happy with the way the jury treated Stargirl on
Hot Seat.
5. Leo was worried, for Stargirl had vanished from sight.
Interjections
9/13/2010 1:53:00 PM