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Adnate Cap: Gills that are broadly attached to the stalk (See diagram). Alternate: Leaves that sprout on alternating sides of a twig, not opposing each other. (See diagram) Apex: Highest point of an object; the top or tip. Attached Gills: (See diagram). Axis: The central stem of a compound leaf around which the leaflets are arranged. Basal Bulb: Bottom section of a stalk that is round. Basal: A leaf or growth structure that grows at the very bottom of a plant of tree. A basal leaf is the leaf that grows the closest to the ground. Bell-Shaped Cap: (See diagram) Biennial: A growth or flowering pattern that occurs once every two years. For example, Common Burdock has flowers that only bloom once every two years. Bolete: A fleshy mushroom with a tubelike layer under the cap. Bract: A modified leaf located near flower or cluster of flowers. Can be leafy, petal-like, or woody; can by colorful or green. Calyx: The outermost whorl sepals (modified leaves) that surrounds the flower, usually green. Cap: The top of a mushroom. Chevrons: A marking on a plant in the shape of a “V.” For example, grey birch has bark marked with chevrons. Red Clover has leaves with white chevrons against the green background. Close Gills: (See diagram) Compound leaf: A leaf with two or more distinct leaflets on a single leafstalk (See diagram) Conical Cap: (See diagram) Convex Cap: (See diagram) Corm: Often thought of as a root or bulb. It grows underground for some plants. It consists of an outer tough layer and starchy, solid tissue inside. Crowded Gills: (See diagram) Descending Gills: Gills (or pores) that run down the stalk (See diagram). Disk flower: The flowers with small petals located in the center of composite flowers, and are surrounded by ray flowers. Distant Gills: (See diagram). Down Curled Margin: See incurved. Egg-Shaped Cap: (See diagram) Evanescent Ring: A ring that disappears quickly. False Gills: Not structurally distinct units rather are mere folds in the mushroom's under surface. Flat Cap: (See diagram). Flesh: The interior tissue of a mushroom. Free Gills: Gills that do not reach the stalk (See diagram). Fungus: An organism that lack chlorophyll and possesses spores. Gill: A radial bladelike plate that bears spores, located under the cap of the mushroom. Granule: A small particle or grain that are on the cap of a mushroom. Hollow Stalk: (See diagram) Incurved Margin: Rolled inward (See diagram). Inrolled Margin: (See diagram) Leaf blade: The thin flat part of the leaf from the petiole to the tip. (See diagram) Leaflets: When a plant or tree has a ‘compound leaf’ it means that one leaf is comprised of many leaflets. The leaflet is a leaf structure, with a stem, that when clustered together with others, makes a compound leaf. Note: leaflets do NOT have an axillary bud at their base. (See diagram) Lobed Margin: (See diagram) Lobe: A division or projection in a leaf, but not separate leaflets. Can be rounded or pointed, toothed or smooth. (See diagram) Margin: The edge of the cap of the mushroom. Mesic: a term used to describe soil types, meaning characterized by moderate moisture (not too much, not too little.) Monoecious: A species where the male and female reproductive structures, such as flowers or cones, are located on the same plant. Mushroom: The fruiting body of a fungus. Mycelium: The vegetative portion of a fungus. Opposite: Leaves arranged in pairs, opposite each other on a twig. (See diagram) Partial Veil: A tissue that covers and protects the immature gills or tubes of gilled mushroom or boletes. Perithecium: A minute flask-shaped vessel containing the asci (saclike cell that produces spores). Petiole: The stalk of a leaf. (See diagram) Pinnate: A feather-like arrangement of leaflets in compound leaf. (See diagram) Pore: The mouth or opening of the tube in boletes and polypores. Puffballs: Mushrooms that produce spores enclosed inside a spore case. Pulvinus: (plural Pulvini) a swelling at the base of a leafstalk, common in the Family Fabaceae. For example, the Easter Redbud has distinctive pulvini. Ray flower: Has a ray of fused petals. These are located along the outer edge of a composite flower, surrounding the disk flowers. Sepal: A modified leaf that surrounds the flower, and is located at its base. Usually green. A whorl of sepals makes up the calyx. Simple leaf: A leaf with a single whole leaf blade on a leafstalk. (See diagram) Sinus: The negative space between lobes on a leaf. (See diagram) Spadix: A component of a flower on some plants. A spadix is the stem-like growth found on plants such as Jack in the Pulpit. It is then surrounded or sheathed by the Spathe. Spathe: A component of a flower on some plants. A spathe is a growth of leaves or bracts (sub-leaves) fused together. It then forms a shield around the spadix (protruding growth) of the flower. Spore Print: The pattern made by the spores as they are discharged from the gills or tubes. Spore: The reproductive unit of a fungus. Stalk: The portion of the mushroom that supports and elevates the cap for spore disposal. Stamen: The male organ of a flower. The stamen is comprised of two parts: the anther and the filament. The filament is the stalk upon which the anther sits. Stigma: (plural stigmata) The upper tip of the female reproductive part of a flower, it receives pollen. Stuffed Stalk: Stalk that is filled with loose flesh. Tubes: A hollow cylinder that contains the basidia where spores are produced in bolete or polypore. Underside: The area under the cap. Universal Veil: A tissue that encloses the ENTIRE immature stage of some gilled mushroom and boletes. Uplifted Margin: (See diagram) Veil: A tissue that covers and protects the immature stage of some gilled and mushroom boletes. Xeric: A term used to describe soil types, meaning characterized by low moisture.