Download REVISION 1 (64 Marks)

Option H5 & H6 Study Guide
1.
Which of the following are functions of all mammalian arteries?
I.
To carry oxygenated blood
II.
To carry blood away from the heart
III. To carry blood under high pressure
A.
I and III only
B.
I, II and III
C.
II and III only
D.
I and II only
2.
William Harvey discovered that blood flows away from the heart in arteries and back to the
heart in veins. What hypothesis could be developed from this discovery?
A.
The human body contains both arteries and veins.
B.
Blood vessels link up arteries to veins.
C.
How blood moves from arteries into veins.
D.
Veins are connected to the left side of the heart and arteries to the right side.
3.
Which is the correct sequence of blood flow in normal human circulation?
A.
Pulmonary vein  right atrium  aorta  vena cava
B.
Vena cava  pulmonary vein  aorta  right atrium
C.
Vena cava  right atrium  pulmonary vein  aorta
D.
Pulmonary vein  vena cava  aorta  right atrium
4.
What are the structures labelled I and II on the diagram of the heart?
I
II
A.
B.
C.
D.
I is the pulmonary artery and II is the atrio-ventricular valve.
I is the pulmonary vein and II is the atrio-ventricular valve.
I is the pulmonary artery and II is the semi-lunar valve.
I is the pulmonary vein and II is the semi-lunar valve.
5.
What is happening in the heart when the semi-lunar valves are closed?
I.
Blood is entering the aorta.
II.
Blood is entering the pulmonary artery.
III. Blood is entering the ventricles.
IV. The ventricles are contracting.
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
III only
D.
III and IV only
6.
What does the body use to control the heartbeat?
I.
Adrenalin
II.
Pacemaker
III. Nerves from brain
A.
II and III only
B.
I and II only
C.
I, II and III
D.
I and III only
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7.
Which is the correct sequence of events in a heart beat?
A.
Atria
Ventricles
Semi-lunar


contract
contract
valves close
B.
Atria
Atrio-ventricular
Ventricles


contract
valves close
contract
C.
Atria
Ventricles
Atrio-ventricular


contract
contract
valves close
Ventricles
Atria
Atrio-ventricular


D.
contract
contract
valves close




Atrio-ventricular
valves close
Semi-lunar
valves close
Semi-lunar
valves open
Semi-lunar
valves close
8.
What is the role of the internal intercostal muscles during ventilation of the lungs?
A.
Increasing the pressure in the thorax
B.
Increasing the volume in the thorax
C.
Increasing the surface area of the alveoli
D.
Increasing the diameter of the bronchioles
9.
Which muscles contract to cause air to pass out from the lungs through the bronchioles?
A.
Internal intercostal muscles and diaphragm
B.
Internal intercostal muscles and abdomen wall muscles
C.
External intercostal muscles and diaphragm
D.
External intercostal muscles and abdomen wall muscles
10.
What conditions are necessary for air to be exhaled from the lungs?
A.
Air pressure in the alveoli must become greater than the air pressure in the mouth.
B.
Air pressure in the alveoli must become lower than the air pressure in the mouth.
C.
Air pressure in the alveoli must become the same as the air pressure in the mouth.
D.
There is no change in the air pressure of the alveoli or the mouth.
11.
Which of the following changes occur with the onset of exercise?
A.
Increase in pH of blood
B.
Increase in rate of cellular respiration
C.
Decrease in rate of contraction of the diaphragm
D.
Decrease in carbon dioxide concentration of the blood
12.
Which of the following is part of the process of ventilation?
A.
Changes in the volume of the thoracic cavity
B.
Exchange of gases across the surface of the alveoli
C.
Exchange of gases across the surface of capillaries
D.
Cellular respiration
13.
Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood?
A.
The pulmonary artery
B.
The coronary artery
C.
The aorta
D.
The pulmonary vein
14.
What is transported by the blood?
I.
Carbon dioxide
II
Antibodies
III
Urea
A.
I only
B.
I and II only
C.
II and III only
D.
I, II and III
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15.
What is the function of the right ventricle?
A.
Pumping blood into the pulmonary artery
B.
Pumping blood into the pulmonary vein
C.
Pumping blood into the aorta
D.
Pumping blood into the coronary artery
16.
Which is the correct sequence of blood flow in normal human circulation?
A.
Pulmonary vein  right atrium  aorta  vena cava
B.
Vena cava  pulmonary vein  aorta  right atrium
C.
Vena cava  right atrium  pulmonary vein  aorta
D.
Pulmonary vein  vena cava  aorta  right atrium
17.
What is the role of thrombin in the process of blood clotting?
A.
Captures blood cells which accumulate to form a blood clot.
B.
Catalyses the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin.
C.
Causes the release of clotting factors from platelets.
D.
Converted into prothrombin by platelets.
18.
The diagram below shows the human heart. Which parts contain the most oxygenated blood?
A.
B.
C.
D.
P and T
Q, R and S
T, U, V and W
T, U, R and S
19.
What is happening in the heart when the semi-lunar valves are closed?
I.
Blood is entering the aorta.
II.
Blood is entering the pulmonary artery.
III. Blood is entering the ventricles.
IV. The ventricles are contracting.
A.
I and II only
B.
I and III only
C.
III only
D.
III and IV only
20.
One type of heart disease is diastolic heart failure (DHF). A study was carried out to see if DHF
was related to abnormalities in the diastolic properties of the left ventricle. Two groups of
patients, one with DHF and the other the control group with no symptoms of DHF, were
assessed to compare:

changes in left ventricular diastolic pressure and volume

and stiffness of muscles leading to resistance of the left ventricle to stretch under
increasing pressure.
Graph 1 shows the mean lowest pressure in the left ventricle during diastole after the opening of
the atrio-ventricular valve. Graph 2 shows individual stiffness constants.
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(a)
Identify the left ventricular diastolic volumes in patients and the control group that
correspond to a pressure of 5 mm Hg.
Patients:
........................................................................................................
Control group:
........................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Compare the diastolic pressure-volume relationship of patients with DHF and the control
group.
(2)
(c)
Distinguish between the stiffness constants in the two groups of patients.
(1)
(d)
(i)
Suggest why in patients with DHF there is little or no increase in blood volume
pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction during exercise.
(1)
(ii)
Deduce how patients with DHF would respond to heavy exercise.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
21.
Outline the events that occur within the heart, which cause blood to move around the body (in
other words, the pathway of blood).
(Total 6 marks)
22.
Explain the events of the cardiac cycle.
(Total 7 marks)
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23.
List two different types of blood cells.
(1)
24.
Many processes in living organisms, including ventilation and gas exchange, involve moving
materials. State the differences between ventilation and gas exchange in humans.
(4)
25.
Explain the relationship between the structure and functions of arteries, capillaries and veins. This
question has been asked 100’s of times on past papers.
(9)
26.
Describe the mechanism of ventilation in the human lung.
(5)
27.
Draw a labelled diagram to show the internal structure of the heart.
(6)
28.
Outline the events that occur within the heart, which cause blood to move around the body.
(6)
29.
Describe the features of the alveoli that make them well adapted for gaseous exchange.
(5)
30.
Annotate the graph below to explain the oxygen dissociation curve:
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