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Name: _______________________________________ Block: ______ Date: __________________
MCAS Review: Human Body
Broad Concept: There is a relationship between the organization of cells into tissues and the organization of
tissues into organs. The structures and functions of organs determine their relationships within body systems of
an organism. Homeostasis allows the body to perform its normal functions.
4.7 Recognize that the body’s systems interact to maintain homeostasis. Describe the basic function of a
physiological feedback loop.
Define the following terms:
o
Homeostasis - ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
o
Physiological (or Negative) Feedback Loop - ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
State two ways in which the body maintains a constant internal body temperature. Mention one for
lowering and one for raising body temperature.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Describe how the body responds when the concentration of glucose in the blood rises above normal.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4.8 Recognize that communication between cells is required for coordination of body functions. The
nerves communicate with electrochemical signals, hormones circulate through the blood, and some
cells produce signals to communicate only with nearby cells.
Complete the following table comparing the two systems in the human body that work together to
coordination bodily activities.
Nervous
Endocrine
Systems that Coordinate
Bodily Functions
Type of Transmission
Method of Transmission
Some cells produce chemical signals to communicate to nearby cells. What part of the cell recognizes
these signals? _________________________________________________________
What is the function of the nervous system? _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the function of the endocrine system? ___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.4 Explain how the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, sensory neurons, motor neurons) mediates
communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the
environment. Identify the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron, and explain generally how it
works.
Nervous System
Label major organs (3).
Name and state the function of the TWO
major divisions of the nervous system:
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
Label the diagram of the nerve cell (you don’t have to label D).
Nerve cell is known as a _________________.
__________________________-Nerves that
send messages to the CNS from stimuli.
___________________________-Nerves that
send message to the PNS from the CNS for a
response.
4.2 Explain how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, red blood cells) transports
nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes cell wastes. Describe how the kidneys and the liver are
closely associated with the circulatory system as they perform the excretory function of removing
waste from the blood. Recognize that kidneys remove nitrogenous wastes, and the liver removes
many toxic compounds from blood.
Functions of the circulatory system: ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the chart below for the three major types of blood vessels.
Blood
Vessel
Direction of blood
flow
Function
What Moves Blood Through
Vessels
artery
capillary
vein
Label the diagram of the hear (left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle).
Draw arrows to show direction of blood flow.
The right side of the heart pumps blood to the
____________________________.
This is referred to as the______________________
circuit.
The left side of the heart pumps blood to the
_____________________.
This is referred to as the ______________________
circuit.
Blood Cells
Type of Blood Cell
red
(erythrocytes)
white
(leucocytes)
platelets
Function
Made in the:
Label the diagram of the excretory (urinary) system (4).
The basic functioning unit of the kidney is
the _______________________.
What role does liver play in maintaining homeostasis in the body? _________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.3 Explain how the respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs, alveoli) provides
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Label the following parts of the respiratory system.
Part
Name
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Where does gas exchange take place in lungs? _____________________________________
What 2 gases are exchanged? _____________________________________________________
4.5 Explain how the muscular/skeletal system (skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle, bones, cartilage,
ligaments, tendons) works with other systems to support and allow for movement. Recognize that
bones produce both red and white blood cells.
Functions of the skeletal system: _______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
 The organs of the skeletal system are the ________________________.
 Where in the bones are blood cells produced? ___________________________________
 What is the function of yellow marrow? _________________________________________
Complete the following table listing the three types of muscular tissue and their function.
Types of Muscle
Function
Define:
 cartilage - ______________________________________________________________________________
 tendon - _______________________________________________________________________________
 ligament - ______________________________________________________________________________
What system signals muscles to contract? _____________________________________________________
4.1 Explain generally how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules that can be used by
cells for energy and for repair and growth.
Label the drawing of the digestive system with the following structures: esophagus, gall bladder, large
intestine, liver, mouth, pancreas, pharynx, rectum, salivary glands, small intestine, stomach
Complete the following chart telling the role of each organ in the digestive process.
Organ
Role in Digestion
mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
salivary glands
Complete the following table describing what each of the following organic molecules is broken down
into and what parts of the digestive system are involved in this process.
Organic
Compound
protein
carbohydrate
lipid
Broken down into
Organs involved in process