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Skeletal System Bone formation: bones start as cartilage and slowly it is replaced by bone. Structures: Bone Tendon Ligament Cartilage Function: 1. Gives Shape and support to the body 2. Protect your internal organs 3. Major muscles attach to bones to help you move. 4. Blood cells are formed in the bone. (The tissue called red marrow) 5. Store calcium and phosphorous compounds (calcium and phosphorous compounds make bones hard). Bone structure Periosteum : thin tough layer that covers all the bones, except the part of the bone that is in the joint. Blood vessels in the pariosteum carry the nutrients to the bone and cell that repair and cause growth are here. Compact bones: right under the periostreum this layer is the hard strong part. This layer gives bones strength contains deposits of calcium phosphate. Spongy Bones: is located at the end of the long bones like those in your arms and legs. This part of the bone has lots of open spaces which keeps the bones light weight. Cavities: are the centers of the long bones and contain the marrow Marrow: some marrow is red some yellow. Red marrow produce red blood cells (2 to 3 million per second) cells, yellow marrow is made up of fat. Tendon – connect muscle to bone Ligament – connect bone to bone Cartilage- covers the bones to allow smooth movement, also found in other places. It is flexible and acts like a shock absorber. Joints of the Human Body A joint is any place where two or more bones come together. Some joints move and others do not. Types of Joints Immovable – skull, pelvis Moveable- pivot, ball & socket, hinge, gliding Immovable No movement takes place at these types of joints. Ball and Socket - Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone Gliding - One part of a bone slides over another bone Pivot -One bone __________in a ring of another bone that does not move. Hinge Joint - Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door