Download Bone structure

Skeletal System
Bone formation: bones start as cartilage and slowly it is replaced by bone.
Structures:
Bone
Tendon
Ligament
Cartilage
Function:
1. Gives Shape and support to the body
2. Protect your internal organs
3. Major muscles attach to bones to help you move.
4. Blood cells are formed in the bone. (The tissue called red marrow)
5. Store calcium and phosphorous compounds (calcium and phosphorous
compounds make bones hard).
Bone structure
Periosteum : thin tough layer that covers all the bones, except the part of the
bone that is in the joint. Blood vessels in the pariosteum carry the nutrients to
the bone and cell that repair and cause growth are here.
Compact bones: right under the periostreum this layer is the hard strong part.
This layer gives bones strength contains deposits of calcium phosphate.
Spongy Bones: is located at the end of the long bones like those in your arms
and legs. This part of the bone has lots of open spaces which keeps the bones
light weight.
Cavities: are the centers of the long bones and contain the marrow
Marrow: some marrow is red some yellow. Red marrow produce red blood cells
(2 to 3 million per second) cells, yellow marrow is made up of fat.
Tendon – connect muscle to bone
Ligament – connect bone to bone
Cartilage- covers the bones to allow smooth movement, also found in other places. It is
flexible and acts like a shock absorber.
Joints of the Human Body
A joint is any place where two or more bones come together.
Some joints move and others do not.
Types of Joints
Immovable – skull, pelvis
Moveable- pivot, ball & socket, hinge, gliding
Immovable
No movement takes place at these types of joints.
Ball and Socket - Bone with a rounded end that
fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone
Gliding - One part of a bone
slides over another bone
Pivot -One bone
__________in a ring of
another bone that does
not move.
Hinge Joint - Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door