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NUCLEIC ACIDS – main part of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) The smaller unit of nucleic acids are called nucleotides, made up of 3 parts: 1) a 5 – carbon atom sugar (called deoxyribose) 2) a phosphate molecule (makes the “backbone” of DNA) 3) a nitrogen base (A, T, C, G and U – uracil in RNA) The four nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Protein Formation: starts with RNA (ribonucleic acid), a nucleotide that helps make protein. It has the same structure as DNA (listed above), but replaces Thymine (T) with Uracil (U). The messenger RNA (mRNA) are formed from the pattern of DNA in the nucleus of a cell, and take that information to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to give the “message” that forms a protein. VITAMINS and MINERALS VITAMINS: Organic Compounds (have both Carbon and Hydrogen in molecules) Water Soluble B Vitamins (ie. Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, B6, B12) Vitamin C - have minimal storage ability and are excreted in urine Fat – Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K - are not necessary to consume in diet each day and are NOT excreted in urine Deficiency Diseases and Related Nutrients Scurvy – weak connective tissue/gums/skin Vitamin C Rickets – weak bones Vitamin D Anemias – blood, muscle weakness Folate, Vit B6 , B12 Goitre – thyroid gland enlargement Iodine MINERALS: Inorganic Compounds (lacking either Carbon or Hydrogen in molecules) Major: Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Sulphur Minor: Iron, Iodine, Fluorine, Zinc, Chromium