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NUCLEIC ACIDS – main part of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
The smaller unit of nucleic acids are called nucleotides, made up of 3 parts:
1) a 5 – carbon atom sugar (called deoxyribose)
2) a phosphate molecule (makes the “backbone” of DNA)
3) a nitrogen base (A, T, C, G and U – uracil in RNA)
The four nitrogen bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C),
and thymine (T).
Protein Formation: starts with RNA (ribonucleic acid), a nucleotide that
helps make protein. It has the same structure as DNA (listed above), but
replaces Thymine (T) with Uracil (U). The messenger RNA (mRNA) are
formed from the pattern of DNA in the nucleus of a cell, and take that
information to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to give the “message”
that forms a protein.
VITAMINS and MINERALS
VITAMINS: Organic Compounds (have both Carbon and Hydrogen in molecules)
Water Soluble
B Vitamins (ie. Thiamin, Riboflavin,
Niacin, B6, B12)
Vitamin C
- have minimal storage ability and
are excreted in urine
Fat – Soluble
Vitamins A, D, E, K
- are not necessary to consume in
diet each day and are NOT excreted
in urine
Deficiency Diseases and Related Nutrients
Scurvy – weak connective tissue/gums/skin
Vitamin C
Rickets – weak bones
Vitamin D
Anemias – blood, muscle weakness
Folate, Vit B6 , B12
Goitre – thyroid gland enlargement
Iodine
MINERALS: Inorganic Compounds (lacking either Carbon or Hydrogen in molecules)
Major: Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, Magnesium, Sulphur
Minor: Iron, Iodine, Fluorine, Zinc, Chromium