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Transcript
Theme 1: On the Move Investigating Newton's second law of motion Aim: To investigate how the acceleration of a trolley depends on the force keeping the mass constant. OBJECTIVE: To consider various forces and how they affect the motion of objects, particularly the motion of a trolley moving along a frictionless air track. Focus Questions Do forces cause motion or change in motion (acceleration)? What is meant by acceleration? What are its units? Is acceleration a scalar or a vector? Does it have size and direction? Do you think that a falling object velocity will increase with time or will it remain constant? What does Newton’s second law states? Do you think that the force produced by the falling object is proportional to the acceleration of the trolley? What factor must we keep constant for this experiment to work? Safety Take care when masses fall to the floor. Use a box or tray to collect the fallen masses. This will prevent loss of small masses. Choose a length of string such that the mass does not touch the ground until the trolley nearly reaches the pulley. Ninu Cremona Lyceum – Gozo College – Physics Department Page 1 Date: ____________ Theme 1: On the Move Aim : To investigate how the acceleration of a trolley depends on the force keeping the mass constant. Apparatus : Light gates, electronic timer , trolley and air track, Pulley and string , Various masses, 5 g each,Clamp ,Ruler ,string. Sources of error and precautions Method 1. The air track is set up and adjusted on a horizontal surface. A string is attached to the trolley at one end passed through a pulley and attached to a bucket at other end.The distance of the light gate from each other was set to 50 cm. 2. A weight of 5 gram is attached to the trolley to act as a force. The counter is switched on and the trolley is placed just before the first light gate. The trolley is released and the force in the bucket pulled the trolley along the air track and the time taken are recorded. 3. This procedure is repeated each time adding one mass of 5 grams. The time obtained is recorded in the result table. The whole method is repeated for each different force until a set of 6 readings are obtained. Ninu Cremona Lyceum – Gozo College – Physics Department Page 2 Results: Mass g 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Mass Kg Distance S M Time t s Time t2 s Acceleration a= 2S t2 Force N W=mg 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 A graph is drawn of acceleration (y axis ) against Force (x axis). Discussion /Evaluation: 1. From the results what happens to the time and acceleration as the force is increased? Why? 2. What happens to the acceleration when the force is doubled? 3. Describe the line you obtained from your graph. What does this line represents? What is the relationship between force and acceleration? 4. Did your graph pass from the origin? If not why? 5. Do the results obtained agree with Newton’s 2nd law of motion? 6. Does the theoretical value match your measurement within error? If not, comment on possible sources of error in the measurement. Ninu Cremona Lyceum – Gozo College – Physics Department Page 3