Download World War II

World War Two
1 Neutrality to Pearl Harbor
Guided Notes
Rise of Totalitarianism and Militarism
 Post-war social and economic conditions in Europe and Asia allowed for the
emergence of totalitarian governments.
 Blaming many of the problems on the Treaty of _____________, these new
governments sought more power and embraced the ideas of _____________ and
imperialism.
 During the 1930s, many Americans resented European nations for not repaying the
loans from WWI and became disillusioned with their sacrifices during WWI to “make
the world safe for _____________.”
Italy
 Benito Mussolini
 _______ism
Germany
 Adolf Hitler
 _______ism
Soviet Union
 Joseph _____________
 Communism
Japan
 Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Hideki Tojo
 _______ism
Problems and America’s Response
1931
 The Japanese army invaded the resource-rich Chinese province of _____________.
1932
 The United States responded by issuing the _____________ Doctrine which stated
the US would not recognize any territory taken by force.
1934
 _____________ Committee was established in the U.S. Senate to investigate how the
US was drawn into WWI.
 Concluded banks and munitions manufacturers made huge profits and were to
blame for shifting public opinion to fight in World War I.
Problems and America’s Response
1935
 Italy invaded _____________
 Neutrality Act of 1935 outlawed arms sales and shipments to countries the president
deemed to be at _____________
 forbade US citizens from traveling on belligerent vessels
1936
 Neutrality Act of 1936 also forbade the extension of _____________ or
_____________ to belligerent nations
 Germany & Italy established the Rome-Berlin Axis
 Germany remilitarized the Rhineland
 _____________ Civil War began (Franco, 1936 – 1939)
1937
 Neutrality Act of 1937 applied all the earlier provisions to include nations fighting a
_____________ war
Problems and America’s Response
1937
Neutrality Act of 1937
Japan attacked China without a declaration of _____________
 FDR refused to observe the Neutrality Acts and sent aid to _____________
 “_____________ Speech,” FDR in Chicago
 USS Panay (American gunboat) attacked by Japanese (12/17)
Problems and America’s Response
1938
 Germany invaded _____________ (Anschluss) in March
Munich Conference
 Hitler demands lebensraum and wanted the __________land of Czechoslovakia
 Germany, Italy, France (Edouard Daladier) & British (Neville Chamberlain) met in
September
 Policy of _____________
***US Congress began to appropriate billions of $ to naval construction
Problems and America’s Response
1939
 Germany invaded the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, August
 Hitler & _____________ agreed not to attack one another and secretly divided
_____________ between them
Sept 1, 1939, Germany invaded _____________ (blitzkrieg)
Sept 3, 1939, Britain & France declared war on Germany and massed troops along the
Maginot and Siegfried Lines (sitzkrieg)
 By the end of September the USSR had invaded Poland to take its promised share
 By the end of 1939, USSR had invaded Finland, Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania
Problems and America’s Response
1939
 Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed belligerents to buy arms with cash and transport on their
own ships, president authorized to declare danger zones of no shipping
(“_____________ and _____________”)
 Ban on loans and US shipping to belligerents
 Act favored the democracies & was not neutral
Problems and America’s Response
1940
 Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April
 Germany invaded the Netherlands, Belgium & Luxembourg in May
Germany invaded _____________
 Miracle at _____________ (300,000+ British & French troops rescued)
 On June 22, 1940, France surrendered to Germany
Havana Conference, July
 US & 20 Latin American countries pledged to uphold the _____________ Doctrine
because of the orphaned colonies of Netherlands, Denmark, & France
Battle of _____________ (Aug 1940 - June 1941)
Japan joined the Axis Powers in September
Problems and America’s Response
1940
Bases for _____________ Deal, September
 After the fall of France, Britain was alone in the fight against Germany and Italy.
 FDR traded 50 old American WWI destroyers for 8 British bases.
 Executive action and required no Congressional approval, criticisms emerged
Selective Service and Training Act, September
 1st _____________ draft
 16 million registered, trained 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserves for 1 year
service
 FDR drew the 1st draft number in the lottery
America First Committee, September
 Anti-war organization established to prevent US entry into WWII
Election of 1940
 Republicans selected former Democrat Wendell _____________
• Platform: FDR’s dictatorship, costly New Deal and stay out of war.
 Democrats re-nominated FDR
• “Your boys are not going to be sent into any foreign wars”
Lend-Lease Act
1941
Lend-Lease Act, March
 Jan 1941, FDR’s “Four _____________ Speech” to Congress
 Freedom of Speech, of Worship, from Want and from Fear
 heatedly debated in Congress
 R. Taft compared it to lending chewing gum, you don’t want it back
 America would be the “_____________ of Democracy”
 Abandonment of neutrality
*incidental result of converting American factories to war production prior to US entry
*Germany responded to America’s new neutrality by attacking US ships
1941
 Germany attacked the USSR in June
 US started sending Lend-Lease aid to USSR
Hemispheric Defense Zone
 Beginning in July, US began to escort shipments across the _____________ as far as
Iceland using the convoy system to keep German wolf-packs away
Selective Training and Service Act
 extended for another 18 months in August
 passed H of R by a vote of 203 to 202
The _____________ Charter, 1941
 FDR and British P.M. Winston _____________ met off the coast of Newfoundland in
August
 Established the post-WWII goals of the US and Britain
1. No territorial _____________
2. No territorial exchanges without the consent of the inhabitants
3. Right of the people to determine their own form of gov’t
4. Promote free _____________
5. Encourage international cooperation to improve people’s lives
6. Build a secure peace based on freedom from want and fear
7. Disarmament of aggressors
8. Est. a “permanent system of _____________ security”
*Became the basis of the Allies (United Nations) war goals
*Signed by USSR, China & 24 other nations
German U-boats Again?!!!
1941
 German u-boats attacked the USS _____________ in September
 The USS Kearney and USS Reuben James were attacked in October
 FDR ordered the US navy to follow a “shoot-on-sight” policy toward German
submarines
 November, Congress voted to allow US merchant ships to arm themselves and could
now enter war zones.
Japan and the United States
 Roosevelt’s primary goal between August 1939 and December 1941 was to help
_____________ and its allies defeat _____________.
 When Britain began moving its warships from Southeast Asia to the Atlantic,
Roosevelt introduced policies to discourage the _____________ from attacking the
British Empire.
 In July 1940, Congress passed the Export Control Act, giving Roosevelt the power to
restrict the sale of strategic materials—materials important for fighting a war—to other
countries.
 Roosevelt immediately blocked the sale of airplane fuel and scrap iron to Japan
Japan and the United States
 By July 1941, Japanese aircraft posed a direct threat to the British Empire.
 Roosevelt responded to the threat by freezing all Japanese assets in the United States
and reducing the amount of oil shipped to Japan.
 FDR also sent General Douglas _____________ to the Philippines to build up
American defenses.
 The Japanese decided to attack resource-rich British and Dutch colonies in Southeast
Asia, seize the _____________, and attack _____________ Harbor.
JAPAN ATTACKS
 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on _____________ 7, 1941, sinking or damaging 21
ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, killing 2,403 Americans, and injuring hundreds more.
WHY???
 The next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on
_____________.
 On December 11, 1941, Japan’s allies—_____________ and _____________—
declared war on the United States.
Essential Conclusions:
 During most of the 1930s, Americans and the United States government were
committed to remaining neutral in the event of a European conflict.
 When the British faced the Axis powers alone, many Americans began to support
limited assistance and aid.
 Most Americans did not favor United States entry into WWII until after the bombing of
Pearl Harbor by the Japanese.
 Due to economic and social problems, several dictators emerged with expansionist
ideas that led directly to the outbreak of World War II.
2 The American Home Front
Guided Notes
Americans go to work
 The industrial output of the United States during WWII astounded the rest of the world.
 American workers were _____________ as productive as German workers and
_____________ times more productive than Japanese workers.
 Women and minorities benefited from the new job opportunities.
 American war production turned the tide in favor of the Allies. In less than four years,
the United States achieved what no other nation had done- fight and win a
_____________ front war.
Industrial Mobilization
 By 1942 almost all major industries and some 200,000 companies had converted to
war production.
 The _____________ industry was uniquely suited to the mass production of military
equipment.
 Automobile factories began to produce trucks, jeeps, and tanks.
 This was critical in modern warfare because the country that could move troops and
supplies quickly usually won the battle.
 Mobilizing the economy ended the _____________ and created almost 19 million new
jobs and nearly doubled the average family’s income.
The US War Machine
Office of Price Administration (OPA) and Office of Economic Stabilization (OES)
 fought inflation by freezing _____________, prices, and rents
 _____________ fuel, materials vital to the war effort, and foods such as meat, butter,
cheese, vegetables, sugar & coffee
 Americans were encouraged to plant gardens, participate in _____________ drives
and drive the Victory speed (35 mph).
War Production Board (WPB)
 supervised _____________ and _____________
 eliminated nonessential civilian production
National War Labor Board (NWLB)
 limited wage increases and allowed _____________ benefits
 kept unions stable
 Some unions were not pleased with it (UMW led by John L. _____________)
 Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act, 1943 (Labor Disputes Act)
 limited strikes in industries critical to _____________ effort (criminal offense)
 gave the president the power to take over striking plants
 act used to take over _____________ mines and _____________
Office of War Information
 _____________ group of WWII
Women in the Workforce
 During the Depression, many people believed married women should not work outside
the home, especially if it meant taking jobs away from men trying to support their
families.
 Most working women were young, single, and employed in traditional female jobs.
 The wartime shortage forced factories to recruit _____________ women to do
industrial jobs that traditionally had been reserved for men.
 The great symbol of the campaign to hire women was “_____________ the Riveter”.
 Eventually 2.5 million women went to work to support the war effort.
 Women were seen as essential “_____________ workers” for men who had gone off
to war, but did women themselves see their work as “replacement” work?
Population Shifts
 During the Depression the “Great _____________” slowed, but as jobs in war factories
opened up it resumed.
 More people moved to industrial centers located in the North/Midwest and
_____________ Coast.
 Over 300,000 African Americans left the _____________ during the war and 1.2
million had left by 1950
 “Sunbelt”
 1942, agreement w/ Mexico allowed thousands of Mexican agricultural workers to
enter the US (_____________)
African Americans in the Workforce
 Although factories were hiring women, they resisted hiring _____________
Americans.
 Frustrated, A. Phillip _____________, the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car
Porters-a major union for African American railroad workers-decided to take action.
 Randolph organized a march on _____________ for July 1, 1941 (100,000 marchers)
 Before the march, FDR called Randolph in to talk, but Randolph refused to back down
 June 1941, Randolph canceled the march in exchange for FDR’s executive order
(#_____________) to end discrimination in the employment of workers in defense
industries.
 FDR established the Fair _____________ _____________ Commission (FEPC) to
enforce the executive order.
Discrimination and Violence
 As more African Americans arrived in _____________ urban areas, they were met
with suspicion and intolerance and some situations became violent.
 In _____________ on June 20, 1943 violence erupted for several days leaving 25
African Americans dead and 9 whites.
 Congress of Racial Equality (_____________) was established by James Farmer in
1942.
 CORE targeted discrimination in the _____________ and staged the first sit-ins at a
Chicago restaurant in 1942.
Zoot Suit Riots of Los Angeles
 Racist attacks on young _____________ men by American sailors and soldiers in
June of 1943.
 Started when several sailors claimed to be beaten and robbed by Mexicans wearing
“zoot suits.”
 Police did little to stop the violence and arrested many Hispanics for rioting and
vagrancy.
 First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt commented, "The question goes deeper than just [zoot]
suits. It is a racial protest. … we do not always face these problems as we should."
Japanese Internment
 Many Americans feared the _____________-American population of the
_____________ Coast & _____________
 In February 1942, the War Department declared the west coast a “military zone,” and
FDR ordered the removal of Japanese-Americans from CA, WA, OR & AZ based on
national security.
 110,000 J-A were relocated to 10 _____________ camps (2/3rd were Nisei, born in the
US)
Korematsu v. the United States, 1944
 Not all Japanese accepted the relocation without protest. Fred _____________
argued that his rights had been violated.
 The court ruled that the relocation was constitutional because it was not based on
race, rather “_____________ urgency.”
 Shortly afterward the court did rule that loyal American citizens could not be held
against their will.
 Japanese American Citizens League (JACL) was established and fought for
compensation of losses.
 1965, Congress authorized $38 million (1/10 of actual loss)
 1988, Congress authorized $20,000 to each Jap-Am sent to relocation during
the war.
Minorities in the Armed Forces
African Americans
 1,000,000 served in segregated units, many non-combative roles
 _____________ Airmen
 “Double _____________” campaign
Mexican Americans
 1/2 million served in segregated units
 “Blue Devils”
Asian Americans
 13,000 Chinese Americans & 33,000 Japanese Americans
Native Americans
 25,000 served
 _____________ Code Talkers (Pacific Theater)
Women in Active Duty
 In previous wars, women had regularly served as support for troops (nurses, clerical
staff, drivers, supply clerks, etc.), but had not done so in uniform.
 But in WWII, the military organized regular branches of service
 Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (_____________s) created May 1942 with Oveta Culp
Hobby as head.
 With encouragement from first lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Navy, Marines, and Coast
Guard follow:
 WAVES - Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (Navy), under Lt
Commander Mildred McAfee, President of Wellesley College
 SPARS (from Coast Guard motto Semper Paratus, “always ready”), led by Lt
Commander Dorothy C. Stratton
 Marine Corps Women’s Reserve, headed by Major Ruth Cheyney Streeter
The Forgotten: WASPs
 WASPS (Women _____________ Service Pilots)
 Women pilots who served as test pilots, trainers and instructors, targets, and transport
pilots – promised but never received status as U.S. military pilots.
 38 WASPs died in the line of duty and were buried without military honors.
 After the war, WASPs were denied veteran’s benefits, GI Bill, and recognition.
 Congress made them veterans in 1977; Air Force accepted them as veterans in 1979.
PAYING FOR THE WAR
 The war cost the United States over $300 billion dollars.
 _____________ only accounted for about 45 percent of the cost of WWII.
 To raise the rest the government sold _____________ (E bonds sold for about $18
and could be redeemed for $25 after 10 years).
 Individual Americans bought about $50 billion worth of war bonds. Companies bought
the rest, about $100 billion worth.
Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, 1944
 __________________________ (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act), 1944
 Provided _____________ and training for veterans paid for by the government.
 7.8 million veterans attended college
 Provided federal _____________ for homes, businesses & farms
Outcome on America
 America was the only country to emerge after the war relatively unscathed, and in fact,
it was better off after the war than before.
 The gross national product more than doubled, as did corporate profits.
 When the war ended and price controls were lifted, _____________ shot up.
 It was the plethora of spending during WWII that lifted America from its Great
_____________.
 The wartime bill amounted to more than $330 billion—more than the _____________
costs of all the previous American wars together.
Essential Conclusions:
 The government took control of the economy and industries that were considered
essential in winning the war.
 Many Americans and minorities experienced new opportunities in employment, but
minorities still faced racism and discrimination.
 Industries began to emerge in the “Sunbelt” which resulted in increased migration to
the American Southwest.
3 War in Africa and Europe
US enters the war… Now what?
 After declaring war on the US in December of 1941, Germany increased u-boat
activities in the _____________ along the US seaboard and destroyed 681 Allied
ships by mid 1942.
 The Allies responded with the convoy system escorted by destroyers using ________.
 The British began to use _____________ to locate German air attacks, and the
German secret code (Enigma) was soon broken.
 Where should US troops get involved first?
1942 - 1943 Turning Points
 The British and Americans began bombing raids on Germany’s industrial and military
centers (Aug 1942).
Battle of _____________ (USSR, Eastern Front)
 Aug 1942
Germans began to attack Stalingrad
 Feb 1943
Germans surrendered at Stalingrad
***USSR began to push German troops back
Operation Torch
 The invasion of North _____________ (Morocco & Algeria)
 November 1942- US General Dwight D. Eisenhower (Ike) vs. German General Erwin
Rommel (Desert Fox).
 May 1943- Germany surrendered in North _____________
Casablanca Conference
 In January 1943, President Roosevelt met with Prime Minister _____________ to plan
the next stage of war.
 During the Casablanca Conference, the decision was made to increase the bombing
of Germany in an effort to destroy its military, industrial, and economic system and to
hurt the German morale.
 They decided to open a new front through _____________ and _____________, step
up efforts in the Pacific and recommitted to an “unconditional surrender.”
Operation Husky & Operation Avalanche
 Invasion of Italy in July and September of 1943
 _____________ was deposed & Italy surrendered in September 1943.
 Italy declared war on _____________ in October of 1943 and the Germans seized
control of most of Italy.
Tehran Conference
November – December 1943
 Big 3 (FDR, _____________ & Churchill) met at Tehran, Iran
 US & BR agreed to open a second front in France to be led by Gen. Dwight D.
Eisenhower
 USSR would consider joining the war against _____________ after Germany was
defeated.
Operation Overlord
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
 The largest amphibious landing of all time.
 Allies attacked German positions in Normandy, France.
 5 beach heads, Americans landed at _____________ and _____________ beaches
 General George Patton led American armored divisions across France
By Sept 1944, France, Belgium, Luxembourg & Netherlands had been liberated.
Election of 1944
 Republicans nominated Thomas E. _____________, governor of NY.
 Democrats re-nominated FDR, the main focus was selecting a vice presidential
candidate.
 Democrats ousted Henry A. Wallace & selected Senator Harry S ___________ of MO.
Battle of the Bulge
Dec. 16, 1944 – Jan. 8, 1945
 Hitler attempted one last offensive to cut off Allied supplies coming through the port of
_____________, Belgium.
 The Battle of the _____________ began on December 16, 1944, catching American
troops off guard.
 As Germans raced west, their lines “bulged” outward, resulting in the battle’s name.
 The United States won the battle and on January 8, Germans withdrew with little left to
stop the Allies from entering Germany.
Yalta Conference
Black Sea, Feb 1945
 Big 3 (FDR, Stalin & Churchill) met at Yalta in the Crimea (USSR).
 Agreed to move ahead on creation of the UN
 USSR agreed to enter war against Japan 3 months after Germany was defeated
 USSR promised to allow for free & open _____________ in Soviet occupied territory
Victory in Europe
 Race for Berlin between the US (BR & FR) and the USSR

April 25, 1945
USSR reached Berlin

April 30, 1945
_____________ suicide

May 8, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
 President _____________ died a month before the defeat of Germany.
 Vice President Harry S. Truman became president.
 Although Germany surrendered a few weeks later, Truman needed to make many
difficult decisions regarding the war as the battle with Japan intensified.
A New Peace Keeping Body
Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 1944
 US, BR, USSR & China
 Representatives met to plan a new peace keeping body (_____________ Nations)
San Francisco, April 1945
 50 countries attended to draft a charter
 To replace the _____________ of Nations
 Charter est. a General Assembly and a _____________ Council (the 5 major Allies
had permanent seats on the Security Council, US, BR, FR, USSR & China)
 June 26, 1945, the charter was signed
 Headquarters in _____________ City
Potsdam Conference
Potsdam, Germany, July 1945
 New Big 3
 _____________, US
 Churchill then Clement _____________, BR
 Stalin, USSR
 Decided to divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones controlled by the US, France,
Britain and the USSR.
 Pursue trials of war criminals (first time leaders would be held responsible for crimes
during a war)
Holocaust & War Trials
 In August 1945, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) was created by the United
States, Britain, France, and the Soviet Union to punish _____________ and
_____________ leaders for their war crimes.
 The IMT tried German leaders suspected of committing war crimes at the
_____________ trials.
 12 of 22 Nazis were convicted and put to death in the first trials.
4 War in the Pacific
Fight for the Philippines
December 1941 – May 1942
 The commander of the Americans and Filipinos defending the Philippines was General
Douglas _____________.
 MacArthur waged a defensive battle from the _____________ Peninsula and the
island of Corregidor.
 Roosevelt ordered MacArthur to evacuate to Australia in March when if became clear
the Philippines would fall to Japan. (“I shall _____________”)
 The Allied defenders of Bataan surrendered in April, and thousands died on the 65
mile “_____________ Death March” to a Japanese POW camp.
 78,000 US & Filipinos are marched 65 miles
 10,000 Filipinos and 600 US died
 American & Filipino forces in the Philippines surrendered in May 1942
“Doolittle Do’ed It!”
April 1942
 Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put in command of the mission that bombed
_____________ by launching B-25 bombers from the USS Hornet aircraft carrier in
the North Pacific.
1942 Turning Points
Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942
 Prevented the planned invasion of New _____________ by the Japanese
Battle of _____________, June 1942
 US Admiral Chester Nimitz
 Japanese codes were broken & US knew it was coming
 Japan lost 4 carriers and 275 planes
Battle of Guadalcanal, August 1942
 “Island of _____________”
 Fighting lasted 6 months
 23,000 of 36,000 Japanese died (fought to the death)
Pacific Theater Strategy
Island Hopping
 A military strategy of selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing
others.
 The strategy allowed the Americans to move more quickly toward their ultimate goal—
Japan itself.
 2 prong campaign
 General Douglas _____________, commander of Allied forces in SW Pacific
 Adm. Chester _____________, commander of Pacific fleet
 Get close enough to Japan to build air bases to conduct _____________ raids
The Marianas
June – August 1944
 Capturing the Marianas would allow B-29 super bombers to attack Japan.
 Traditional bombing was not very accurate, so General Curtis LeMay, commander of
the B-29s based in the Marianas, changed strategy to drop bombs filled with
_____________, a kind of jellied gasoline.
 The controversial bombings in Tokyo killed over 80,000 people and destroyed more
than 250,000 buildings.
 Japan’s six most important industrial cities were firebombed.
“People of the Philippines, I have returned. . . . rally to me.”
October 1944 – August 1945
 MacArthur returned to the _____________
 Battle of _____________ Gulf
 Largest naval battle of all time
 Last major Japanese fleet destroyed
 First time the Japanese used _____________ attacks.
 The battle to recapture the Philippines left Manila in ruins and over 100,000 Filipino
civilians dead.
Iwo Jima
Feb 1945
 750 miles south of Japan
 Famous picture raising the flag
 American military planners decided to invade Iwo Jima because it was closer to Japan
and would make the _____________ more effective.
 On February 19, 1945, 60,000 American Marines landed on Iwo Jima, and 6,800 lost
their lives before the island was captured.
Okinawa
April – June 1945
 _____________ refused to surrender.
 American military planners chose to invade Okinawa, 350 miles from Japan, to
stockpile supplies and build up troops.
 On April 1, 1945, American troops landed on Okinawa.
 On June 22, 1945, Okinawa was captured.
 Japan would not surrender unconditionally because they wanted their _____________
to remain in power.
 Japan lost 130,000 men, US lost 12,500
The Manhattan Project
Mobilization of Scientists
1941, Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
 To bring scientists into the war effort
 Improved radar & _____________ technology
 Pushed development of new _____________
 Atomic Bomb development
Albert Einstein warned FDR in 1940 that the Germans were working on an atomic bomb
 Started the “Manhattan Project”
Manhattan Project-development of the atomic bomb
 J. Robert Oppenheimer led scientists in constructing the bomb in Los Alamos, NM
 July 16, 1945- first successful test at _____________, NM
 Question: Do we use it to win the war?
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Truman decided to use the atomic bomb based on several reasons
 it would save American _____________
 we had to justify the expense of building it by dropping it
 to gain an edge over the USSR (growing distrust between the two)
 may keep USSR out of the war in the Pacific
 July 25, 1945-Truman gave the go ahead to make the plans.
Aug 6, 1945
 Enola Gay dropped Little Boy on _____________ and tens of thousands of people
died instantly
Aug 8, 1945
 USSR declared war on Japan
Aug 9, 1945
 _____________ declared war on Japan
 Fat Man was dropped on _____________ killing between 35,000 and 74,000
V-J Day
 Aug 14, 1945- Japan accepted the terms of surrender
 Sept 2, 1945- official surrender on board the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay
 Accepted by Douglas MacArthur (V-J Day)
War Trials and Occupation
Tokyo War Trials
 In Tokyo the International Military Tribunal for the Far East tried leaders of wartime
Japan suspected of committing war crimes.
 The Japanese emperor was not indicted.
 7 sentenced to death including _____________
Occupation of Korea
 US controlled the South and the _____________ controlled the North
 Korea was divided at the _______th Parallel
Occupation of Japan
 ________ years (US only)
 controlled by Gen. D. MacArthur
 wrote constitution (MacArthur Constitution), est. democratic government and held free
elections