Download I. Rise of the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)

A.P. United States History
Chapter 23, Americans and the World in Crisis
Notes
I.
Rise of the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)
A)
Germany (post WWI disillusionment=rise of NAZIS/ A.
Hitler)
B)
Italy (post WWI disillusionment=rise of Fascists/B. Mussolini
C)
Japan (US Open Door Policy, Japanese overpopulation/lack
of resources=Japanese invasion of China 1931=US sanctions
esp OIL)
II.
World War II Begins, 1939-1942
A)
Sept 1, 1939, after signing Non-Aggression Pact with USSR
Germany invaded Poland; England/France declared war on
Germany (phony war/sitzkrieg)
B)
U.S. Neutrality Acts of 1935 banned loans, travel or sales of
arms to belligerents (no help for allies)
C)
Sept 21, 1939 Neutrality Acts aka Cash and Carry policy
amended with U.S. policy
D)
May 10, 1940, Germans invaded/occupied Denmark,
Norway, Belgium, Holland, Luxembourg and France
E)
June 1940, allies driven into English Channel at Dunkirk
F)
July 1940-October 1940, the German Luftwaffe bombed
England (Operation Sea Lion, Battle for Britain)
G)
Sept 19, 1940, U.S. began 1st peacetime draft
H)
Nov 1940, FDR elected to his 3rd term
I)
March 1941, Lend Lease Act amended the Neutrality Acts
authorizing the president to transfer weapons to “the
government of any country whose defense the President
deems vital to the defense of the United States.”
J)
June 1941, breaking Non-Aggression Pact, Germany invaded
USSR; USSR joined Allies
K)
Aug 1941, Allies(?) met/wrote Atlantic Charter (condemned
aggression, supported self-determination, free trade,
disarmament and collective security)
L)
Dec 7, 1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor; Germany/Italy
declare war on US
III.
America Mobilizes at Home
A)
Gov est. agencies to control production/consumption of
goods, to prevent inflation and “sell” the war
B)
US became the “Arsenal of Democracy” thru war production
C)
Depression ended as thousands of new jobs available esp
for women
D)
Feb 1942-March 1946 by Exec. Order 110,000 Japanese
(62% US Citizens and 38% immigrants were interned in
guarded camps
E)
Korematsu v. US=Supreme Court upheld US government
policy
IV.
WWII in Europe and North Africa, 1942-1944
A)
Nov 1942, Allied invasion of N. Africa; May 1943 Germans
surrendered
B)
Jan 1943, FDR met Churchill at Casablanca, agreed to
invasion of Italy before France
C)
Feb 1943, Soviets defeated the Nazis at the Battle of
Stalingrad
D)
Sept 1943, Allied invasion of Italy
E)
Nov 1943, Big Three met at Tehran, agreed to invasion of
France, post-WWII division of Germany, USSR to declare
war on Japan after German defeat
F)
June 6, 1944, D-Day invasion of Normandy, France
G)
Nov. 1944, FDR re-elected to 4th term
V)
WWII the Pacific, 1942-1945
A)
June 1942, U.S. defeated Japanese at Battle of Midway
ending Japanese expansion
B)
US led by Gen MacArthur used Island Hopping strategy to
defeat Japanese
C)
June 1945, Allied forces in Okinawa (350 m. from Japan)
VI.
End of the War, 1945
A)
Feb 1945, Big Three met in Yalta; agreed to UN, 3 month
deadline for USSR to declare war on Japan, “representative”
govs in E. Europe
B)
April 12, 1945, FDR died; Harry Truman=president
C)
April 25, 1945, US and Soviet troops met in Germany
D)
May 8, 1945, Hitler committed suicide; Germany
surrendered
E)
July-August 1945, Big Three, met at Potsdam (news of Abomb delivered to Truman in July)
F)
Aug 1945 facing a US invasion of Japan, Truman opted to
use the A-bomb (6th: Hiroshima/8th Nagasaki)
G)
August 8, USSR declared war on Japan as agreed at Yalta
H)
Aug 14, 1945, Japan surrendered