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Class Notes: Gas Exchange & Transport Gas exchange on many (3) levels 1. _________________________ is the exchange of gas between alveoli and the blood in the capillaries of the pulmonary circulation 2. ________________________ is the exchange of gas between the blood of the systemic circulation and the cells of the body. 3. _________________________ is the process by which mitochondria convert and store the chemical energy of glucose as ATP. O2 is used and CO2 is produced in this process. External Respiration Gas concentration is measured as _________________________. Gasses will diffuse from an area of high partial pressure to low partial pressure. The air we breathe contains _________________________________ and other trace factors The partial pressure of each gas depends on the location in the respiratory system (see handout) and the circulatory system Internal Respiration • The partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in our blood change depending on location: • Blood entering lungs from body: • Blood entering body from lungs: • Remember during cellular respiration, our cells use 02 during ETC and create CO2 when glucose is broken down. • Internal respiration occurs when cells get rid of _________ into the blood and take in more ___________ from the blood. Transporting Gas from Lungs to Body Cells 1. Transport of Oxygen in Blood • ~1% of oxygen is dissolved in ______________________ • ~99% of oxygen is carried through blood by hemoglobin. (When hemoglobin is carrying oxygen it is called _____________________) • Oxygen is weakly bound to hemoglobin. This is a good thing! • Bond between oxygen and hemoglobin becomes less stable as: (WHERE IN THE BODY DO YOU FIND THESE CONDITIONS? What happens to the oxygen bound to hemoglobin in these conditions?) 2. Transport of Carbon Dioxide in Blood • 7% of CO2 is dissolved in ______________ • 23% of CO2 travels attached to ____________________ • 70% of CO2 travels as bicarbonate ion (HCO3- ) in plasma • H+ ions in the blood would greatly decrease the pH (this is BAD for the body) • To prevent the blood from becoming too acidic, hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin. • When hydrogen ions bind to hemoglobin, oxygen is more easily released (this is why hemoglobin releases more oxygen when the blood is more acidic) Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (Good to know) • Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin more easily than oxygen (so if both carbon monoxide and oxygen are present, hemoglobin will bind to carbon monoxide first) • Once carbon monoxide is bound to hemoglobin, it will not come off again • In carbon monoxide poisoning, oxygen does not get delivered to the tissues in the body